1. 10.8 Lecture – Influential Leaders in World War II

2. I. Dictator Leadership A. Mussolini 1. Italy 2. Created Fascism 3. Appeasement for political power 4. Blackshirts 5. Corporate State B. Hitler 1. Nazi Party in Germany 2. Totalitarian State 3. Revolutionary 4. Attack on Jews 5. Restored Germany by Ignoring Versailles Treaty C. Stalin 1. Russia 2. Killed millions of Russians through serfdom 3. Created industrial state 4. Most brutal and feared 5. Collective farms

3. II. American Leadership A. Franklin D. Roosevelt 1. Born 1882, received quality education with tutors 2. Degree at Harvard with law degree from Columbia 3. Married distant cousin Anna Eleanor Roosevelt and had 5 children 4. Suffered from polio 5. Economic depression hurt Hoover and Republican party a. Roosevelt campaigned “relief, recovery, and reform.” b. Defeat Hoover in 1932 by seven million votes 6. Created AAA (Agriculture Adjustment Administration) to support farm prices, CCC (Civilian Conservation Camps) that employed young men, WPA (Works Project Administration) which provided jobs for laborers, artists, writers, musicians, and authors, and Social Security Act which provided unemployment compensation and a program of old-age and survivors benefits. 7. Served more that two terms due to popularity 8. Neutrality Acts – aid available to Britain, France, and China 9. Lend-Lease Bill 1941 – furnish aid to countries at war with Germany and Italy 10. Grand Alliance created; a United Nations working at peace against Axis powers. 11. 1945 suffered stroke and died a. Victory had been achieved right after death

4. B. Douglas MacArthur 1. Born in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1880 2. Son of a high ranking military figure 3. Graduated from West Point Military Academy 4. 1st World War commanded 42nd Division on the Western Front a. Decorated 13 times and seven additional for bravery 5. Throughout military career he was youngest in multiple positions 6. Defended Philippines; influence in Pacific fleet 7. Helped in WWII going against Japanese specifically the Battles of Coral Sea and Midway where the Japanese lost all four carriers 8. Developed island hopping tactics that helped destroy Japan and end WWII 9. Ended his carrier not well like by Democratic and Republican party 10. Died 1964

5. C. Eisenhower 1. Born in Texas 1890 2. Third of seven sons 3. Attended West Point 4. He commanded the Allied Forces landing in North Africa in November 1942, D-Day 1944, and was the Supreme Commander of the troops invading France 5. After the war he became President of Columbia University 6. 1952 he ran for President 7. While in office he: a. Reduced strains of the Cold War b. Stopped the Threat of weapons c. Continued New Deal Programs d. Assured peace in segregation down south e. Desegregation of armed forces 1. “No second class citizen in this country!”

6. III. British Leadership A. Churchill 1. Born 1874, to a Conservative family (specifically the father) 2. Educated at Harrow, then Royal Military College at Sandurst 3. Part of Liberal Party and Conservative Party throughout political career. 4. Writer, received Nobel Prize in his later life for literature 5. Commander in war during WWI and WWII 6. Became Prime Minister toward the end of WWII 7. Developed strong relationship with Roosevelt and helped Alliance beat Axis powers 8. Brilliant orator that inspired the British people 9. Helped Soviet Union defeat Germans and take back own territory 10. Retired from Politics in 1955 11. Died 1965

7. IV. Asian Leadership A. Hirohito 1. Grandson of Emperor Meiji, born 1901 2. 1st Japanese prince to visit the West 3. Became 124th emperor in direct lineage after father’s death 4. Approved the attack on Pearl Harbor that led Japan and US into WWII 5. After atomic bomb, he announced surrender 6. American imposed Japanese constitution that reduced emperor to ceremonial role. 7. Influence from MacArthur created democratic institutions, religious freedom, civil liberties, land reform, emancipation of women, and formation of trade unions. 8. Died 1989.