1. Unit 3: United States Imperialism Imperialism: the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.

2. Imperialist Powers Territories  Great Britain  France  Belgium  Germany  Japan

3. Imperial Ideology  Nationalism: love of one’s country  Social Darwinism  Western nations are culturally superior over the less industrialized nations  Christian missionaries sought to convert believers of other faiths

4. Competition for Territory  Industrial Revolution increased wealth of nations  Looked elsewhere for markets & opportunities for investment  Increased trade brought a rise of large navies  Protected trade interests  Social Darwinism justified European expansion

5. Reach of US Imperialism Far East Philippines China Japan South Pacific Hawaii Caribbean Cuba Puerto Rico Central America Mexico

6. South Pacific  Hawaii  Ideally located for coaling stations and bases  Ship trade between U.S. and Asia  Sugar industry grew and gained control  King Kalahaua negotiated treaty making sugar a cheap import to U.S.  After overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani, sugar tycoon Sanford Dole becomes president of Republic of Hawaii.

7. Far East  China  Spheres of Influence  Geographic area where outside nation exerts special economic or political control  Open Door Policy  Secretary of State John Hay proposed policy  Would give all nations equal trading rights in region  Increased foreign presence led to Boxer Rebellion  Western nations cooperated to put down rebellion

8. Far East  Japan  Isolated island and unindustrialized  Commodore Matthew Perry  Brought 4 steamships into Tokyo Bay (1853)  Wanted to pressure Japan into opening ports for trade  Quickly became industrialized and military power

9. Caribbean  Cuba  Unrest between Cubans and Spanish  Series of revolts by Cubans leading to Spanish exiling revolutionary leaders  Jose Marti: NYC writing newspaper articles  Returned to Cuba in 1895, died in revolt becoming instant hero  Spanish General Valeriano Weyler used ruthless tactics to suppress the revolt  Swayed American sentiment to side of rebels

10. Spanish-American War  USS Maine  Blew up in Havana Harbor killing 260 Americans  No proof, but explosion blamed on Spanish mine  Galvanized U.S. support for war  The Philippines  Commodore George Dewey engaged Spanish fleet in Manila Bay  Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo fighting Spanish on land

11. Spanish-American War  After Spanish surrender in the Philippines, the war moves to Cuba.  Cuba  U.S. War Department was unprepared for war  Weather  Terrain of the island  Strategy: Gain control of port city of Santiago

12. Spanish-American War  U.S. wanted to gain control of San Juan & Kettle Hill  Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders helped gain control of the hills  This allowed Americans to have advantage over city of Santiago  U.S. Navy sank the entire Spanish fleet off coast of Cuba

13. Spanish-American War  America’s victory over Spain elevated the position of the United States in the world  United States gained……  Cuba from Spain  Territory in Puerto Rico and Guam  Philippines from Spain for $20 million  Territorial gains strengthened military & economic position of United States