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Please. Mobiles Silent Please Smile  No Side Talking 

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Presentation on theme: "Please. Mobiles Silent Please Smile  No Side Talking "— Presentation transcript:

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2 Please. Mobiles Silent Please Smile  No Side Talking 
Question after the Presentation

3 ”الناس ثلاثة“ اسأل نفسك أين انت ؟
روى كُميل بن زياد النخعي، قال: أخذ علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه بيدي، ثم قال: « يا كميل بن زياد القلوب أوعية فخيرها أوعاها للخير، أحفظ عني ما أقول لك: الناس ثلاثة: 1- فعالم رباني، 2- ومتعلم على سبيل نجاة، 3- وهمج رعاع، أتباع كل ناعق، يميلون مع كل ريح، لم يستضيئوا بنور العلم، ولم يلجئوا إلى ركن وثيق. العلم خير من المال، العلم يحرسك وأنت تحرس المال، العلم يزكوا على الإنفاق، والمال تنقصه النفقة، العلم حاكم والمال محكوم عليه، ومحبة العلم دين يدان بها، العلم يكسب العالم الطاعة في حياته وجميل الأحدوثة بعد وفاته، وصنيعة المال تزول بزواله، مات خزان الأموال وهم أحياء، والعلماء باقون ما بقي الدهر؛ أعيانهم مفقودة وأمثالهم في القلوب موجودة. “ اسأل نفسك أين انت ؟

4 Dopamine HO HO NH 2 The Natural Magic By / Mahmoud Elsalamouny

5 What Is “ Dopamine” ? Dopamine is a neurotransmitter which is a chemical Receptor Released from a nerve to the next nerve to send the signal directly from the body parts to the brain and vice versa Monoamine Substituted Phenethylamine Dihidroxyphenylalanine DOPA

6 Synapse Chemical Synapse Electric Synapse “To Fasten Together” Greek
Sending Neuron presynaptic End feet Post-Synaptic Synaptic Vesicle Receiving neuron Synaptic Cleft Chemical Synapse Electric Synapse In Vertebrates Invertebrates & Retina of eye

7 Synapse Types Calcium Control the releasing of neurotransmitters
Axodendritic Axoaxonic Dendrodendritic Axosomatic Calcium Control the releasing of neurotransmitters The amount of Calcium equal the amount of neurotransmitters released at the synaptic Cleft

8 Biosynthesis of Dopamine
OH OH O O NH NH NH 2 2 2 Hydroxylation decarboxylation OH OH HO OH HO Tyrosine L-Dopa Dopamine

9 Releasing Centers Of Dopamine
3 basic Centers :- 1- Ventral Tegmentum Area Reward “Plessure”Center Mesencephalon 2-Linbic Center 3-Substantia Negra Center

10 Effect of Dopamine 1- in mesolinbic Center
When Dopamine Highly Effect “Hyper Dopamenergic activity” :- 1- Schizophrenia +ve signs 1-halousination (audio, Vision) 2-unacceptable actions 3-incorrelate Speech -ve signs 1-unconsious 2-Flat motion

11 Happiness Effect of Dopamine 2- in ventral Tegmental area
Reward Center project to numerous areas of the brain ,from the prefrontal cortex PFC to the caudal brain stem and several region in between When Dopamine Highly Effect “Hyper Dopamenergic activity” :- Happiness

12 Effect of Dopamine idiopathic 3- in Substantia negra (midbrain)
Depletion of Dopamine neurons and midbrain lead to :- Effect the motor function of brain Symptom :- idiopathic Frozen shoulders

13 Prolactinoma In Females In Males Decreasing of Dopamine Releasing:-
Inhibit prolactine Secretion Lead to Irregular menstruation cycle Prolactinoma Called In that case we changes Dopamine by its precursor L-Dopa and Use Promotrepten have the same effect of Dopamine . Less polar In Males Cause “Prolactinoma” So, Lead to Decreasing in Spermatogenesis

14 So, We Can Say Dopamine Is the Natural Magic

15 Bye Bye Friends

16 References 1- Principles of behavioral Neuroscience ,
by/ Jackson Beatty, university of California – los angles,2001 2- Catecholamines ,Bridging basic science with clinical Medicine By/ David Goldstein , Richard McCarty , Graeme Eisenhoffer Academic press 1998 3- En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine 4- En.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTA Thanks to Dr.prof.Ahmad Raafat bassiouny Dr.prof.of Biochemistry,faculty of science.AU

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