1. Resporite Elisa Fung Lindsay Kugler BeiXian Tang Gabriela Vargas Little Patients, Big Demands

2. Motivation Mortality rate for children under the age of 5 in Africa is double that of the rest of the developing world – 166 deaths per 1000 children Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the leading cause of death for underweight infants – Can be treated with ventilators Design a reliable, easy-to-use, and low-cost ventilator for use in the developing world

3. Design Power source Warning system/ system shut down Tire pump Pressure storage chamber Valve 1: Regulates pressure to 5psi Valve 2: Regulates pressure to 5cm H 2 O Humidifier: Humidifies and filters air Nasal cannulae Bubbling indicates system is working Pressure, humidity, & temperature sensors Bike pump

4. Design

5. Midterm Goals Establish connections between components Test components individually and as a system Determine length of time to fill & empty chamber Set outgoing air pressure to 5-7 cmH 2 O Determine flow rate Humidify and filter air

6. Design Process Component 1: Air compressor – Attempt 1: Mattress pump – Attempt 2: Tire pump Component 2: Pressure storage chamber Component 3: Valves – Valve 1 (0-150 psi) – Valve 2 (0-2 psi) Component 4: Humidifier

7. Testing: Pressure Storage Chamber Purpose – Determine the time required to fill the pressure storage chamber. Results – Exponential relationship between time and pressure

8. Testing: Regulating Pressure Purpose – Determine if desired output pressure (5-7 cmH2O, or 0.07-0.10 psi) Results – Desired pressure achieved 0 cmH 2 O5 cmH 2 O

9. Testing: Pressure Duration Purpose – Determine how long constant pressure will be observed at valve output with varying chamber pressure Results – Determined that optimal starting pressure is 60 psi – Pressure in chamber does not last as long as desired

10. Testing: Humidifier Purpose – Determine effects of humidifier on system Results – Increases amount of time chamber can sustain desired pressure – Air is humidified

11. Testing: Flow Rate Purpose – Determine flow rate at 5-7 cmH 2 O Results – Flow rate approximately 2.5 L/min Ideal flow rate is 5 L/min Water (mL)Time (s) 1002.07 2004.34 3007.13 4009.88 50012.34

12. Conclusion Macroscale Prototype – Major components of system connected – Pressure of 5-7 cmH 2 O achieved – Air flow rate of 2.5 L/min achieved – Humidified and purified air

13. Future Work Optimize flow rate for macroscale system Incorporate temperature parameters Backup system: bike pump, battery Microscale device to optimize current ventilator system – Electrical feedback system using LEDs and buzzer

14. Acknowledgments Dr. Gordana Vunjak- Novakovic Dr. Samuel Sia Dr. Helen Towers Dr. Jen-Tien Wung Yukkee Cheung Keith Yeager Sean Burgess Rob Maidhof Jonathan Belmont

15. Questions ?