1. England

2. Great Britain
Countries
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland

4. England’s Physical Characteristics
The Highlands
Band of rolling hills
Old rock formations have weathered down over the years
Some peaks rise over 3,000 ft.
Farming is poor
The Midlands
Coal fields are common
Factory towns include Birmingham, Manchester, and Stoke-on-Trent
Highest population densities are found here

7. Physical Characteristics contd.
The Lowlands
Soft rocks lie beneath the ground providing fertile soil
Area contains England’s most productive farms
Farmers grow wheat and vegetables
Cool, moist climate is perfect for raising sheep and cattle
Agricultural goods are shipped throughout Great Britain and Europe

9. Rise of London as a Trade Center
England has always produced goods for export and trade
London’s Relative Location
London’s location on the Thames River makes it a better port than those on the southern shore
London sits on a wide estuary which makes shipping easier
Global Trade Patterns
Changes in settlement towards the west in the 14 and 1500s due to people exploring the Americas
London was the perfect location for Atlantic trade

11. Economic Activities England mainly shipped agricultural products
Business owners built factories to cash in on international trade
The Rise of Heavy Industry
The first advances in technology came in the textile factories
Factories used water and coal to power their spinning mills

12. Economic Activities contd.
Heavy Industry contd.
Coal fields lay in the northeast
Discovery of iron ore lead to new advances in steel production
Cities near these deposits flourished
Newcastle, Birmingham, and Sheffield
The Industrial Revolution had a negative impact on the environment
Pollution from factories hurt the landscape
Gypsy Moth

14. Economic Activities contd.
Challenges to British Industry
Germany and the US began to challenge England for trade superiority
British industry is now in trouble because the coal supply was exhausted during the Industrial Revolution
Britain has turned to oil and gas deposits in the North Sea for fuel
The economy is now based in tertiary or service activities
Finance, Insurance and Tourism
The United Kingdom has not switched to the Euro which is the currency of the European Union