1. Fuel Cells – Hydrogen Fuel Energy System A solution to the probable energy crises?

2. Presented by: Philippe Sejean (5243092), Gergo Szeles (5137276) Hussein El Aguizy (5539749) and Apostolos Katsas (3085902) Current Situation OBJECTIVES: To propose alternative solution to resolve Energy crises To propose a new fuel type and Energy carrier DESCRIPTION: Invented in 1838, first prototype in 1843 2H 2 + O 2 -> 2H 2 O First used in space (Apollo, shuttle program) alkaline $$$ Electrochemical process Producing 0.86V per cell Best run on Hydrogen Water and Heat are the by-products Different types of cells ADVANTAGES OF FUEL CELLS NO greenhouse gases NO harmful pollutants Reduce dependence on oil More energy efficient than gasoline Design flexibility More power Less noise Performance benefits CHALLENGES: Fuel Cell cost and durability Hydrogen storage Hydrogen production & delivery Public acceptance CURRENT SYSTEM CAPABILITIES 2,200 hrs of lifetime Freeze start possible at -20 degrees Celsius, taking 100 seconds Power Density of approximately 1,400 Watts net/Lt Fuel stack cost of $85 US per KW net at volume of 500,000 units GOALS OVER THE NEXT 3 YEARS: 5000 hrs of lifetime Freeze start capability to -30°C Volumetric density of 2500 W/Lt Fuel cell stock cost of $30/kW net at Volume of 500,000 units Hydrogen Fuel Cell System A solution for energy crises? Polymer Exchange Membrane Polymer Exchange Membrane (PEMFC) high power density low temperature, transportation Solid Oxide Molten Carbon Solid Oxide (SOFC) & Molten Carbon High temperature, large scale stationary, longest operating life - 2007 Technology Reaches new heights. - Human Dependency on Cars. - Greenhouse Gas Emissions have become a serious issue. Gasoline, a non renewable source of energy. - Increase in gasoline prices. Honda Presents a Hydrogren Fuel Cell Car. An alternative to the conventional combustion engine car.

3. Current Situation - 2007 Technology Reaches new heights. - Human Dependency on Cars. - Greenhouse Gas Emissions have become a serious issue. -Gasoline, a non renewable source of energy. - Increase in gasoline prices. Honda Presents a Hydrogren Fuel Cell Car. An alternative to the conventional combustion engine car.

4. Objective and Description Objectives: –To propose alternative solution to resolve Energy crises –To propose a new fuel type and Energy carrier Description –Invented in 1838, first prototype in 1843 2H 2 + O 2 -> 2H 2 O –First used in space (Apollo, shuttle program), alkaline $$$ –Electrochemical process Producing 0.86V per cell –Best run on Hydrogen Water and Heat are the by-products –Different types of cells Polymer Exchange Membrane Polymer Exchange Membrane (PEMFC) high power density low temperature, transportation Solid Oxide Molten Carbon Solid Oxide (SOFC) and Molten Carbon High temperature, large scale stationary, longest operating life

5. Advantages of using fuel cells No Green House Gases No harmful pollutants Reduce dependence on foreign oil More energy efficient than gasoline Design flexibility More Power Less noise Performance benefits

6. CHALLENGES Fuel cell cost and durability Hydrogen storage Hydrogen production & delivery Public acceptance GOALS to ACHIEVE IN the NEXT 3 YEARS: 5,000 hrs of lifetime Freeze start capability to -30 degrees Celsius Volumetric power density of 2,500 Watts per Litre Fuel cell stack cost of $30 US per KW net at Volume of 500,000 units CURRENT SYSTEM CAPABILITIES 2,200 hrs of lifetime Freeze start possible at -20 degrees Celsius, taking 100 seconds Power Density of approximately 1,400 Watts net per Litre Fuel stack cost of $85 US per KW net at volume of 500,000 units

7. References Slide 1: –1) Nova Science Now, last modified July 2005, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3210/01-car- nf.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3210/01-car- nf.html Slide 2: –The National Hydrogen Association, http://www.hydrogenassociation.org/http://www.hydrogenassociation.org/ –Wikipedia, “Fuel Cell”, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell –Nice, Karim, Stricklan Jonathan, How Stuff Works, “How Fuel Cells Work”, http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-cell2.htm http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-cell2.htm –“Fuel Cells”, http://americanhistory.si.edu/fuelcells/basics.htmhttp://americanhistory.si.edu/fuelcells/basics.htm Slide 3: –“Fuel Cell Vehicles”,http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fuelcell.shtml Slide 4: –US Department of Energy: “Fuel Cell Technological Challenges”, www.nfcrc.uci.edu/recources/FCexplained/challenges.htm www.nfcrc.uci.edu/recources/FCexplained/challenges.htm –Jamais Cascio: “The Fuel Cell Timeline, 2010 Or Bust”, www.worldchanging.com/archives/002445.htmlwww.worldchanging.com/archives/002445.html