1. Metamaterial

2. Classification of materials
All materials have unique permittivity(ɛ) and permeability(μ)
EM response in homogeneous materials is predominantly governed by two parameters
One of these parameters ,ε(ω), describes the response of a material to the electric component of EM wave
The other, μ(ω), to the magnetic component at a frequency ω
Both of these parameters are typically frequency-dependent complex quantities
Another parameter that is useful to know is The index of refraction
The index of refraction provides a measure of the speed of an EM wave as it propagates within a material

3. Classification of materials
So we have 4 types of materials:
ε>0 & μ>0 :
Most known materials have this property
RH : Right Handed Material
DPS: Double Positive Material
Refractive Index is real and positive
ε<0 & μ>0 :
ENG: Epsilon Negative Material
Many plasmas exhibit this characteristic.
Metals at very high (optic) frequencies
At high frequencies metals act like a plasma
So we have ENGs in nature but in high frequencies
Refractive Index is imaginary
ε>0 & μ<0 :
MNG: Mu Negative Material
Ferromagnetic Materials (ferrites)
Split Rings structure
easy-to-access in low frequencies
Refractive Index is imaginary
So we have MNGs in nature
4. ε<0 & μ<0 :
DNG: Double Negative Material
LH: Left Handed Material or
METAMATERIAL
Refractive Index is REAL and NEGATIVE
We don’t have METAMATERIALs in nature

4. Features of Metamaterials
Veselago showed that if a medium has both negative permittivity and negative permeability, we can have Negative Index Refraction
When the refractive index is negative, the speed of the wave, given by c/n is negative and the wave travels backwards toward the source
Therefore, in left-handed metamaterial, wave propagates in the opposite direction to the energy flows
For conventional material, the refracted waves are spreading away on entering and exiting the medium
For Metamaterial, the waves are refracted in such a way as to produce a focus inside the material and then another just outside

5. How Can We Make Metamaterial
1967: LHM were first proposed by Russian Physicist Victor Veselago
2001: LHM realized based on split ring resonators - Resonant Approach towards LHMs
magnetic resonance frequency of the double ring occurs at a
relatively lower frequency
This leads to a higher probability for the magnetic response
to lie in the ε < 0 regime when combined with strip wires in the metamaterial structure

6. How Can We Make Metamaterial

7. How Can We Make Metamaterial
By using Symmetrical –Ring structure
By using Omega structure

8. Metamaterial Superstrates

9. How Can We Make Metamaterial
Other structures

12. Applications of Metamaterial
Shortening of the radiator sizes, increase in their pass-band and efficiency of radiation.
Better directivity and input impedance

13. Applications of Metamaterial
Dual-Band Hybrid Coupler
Flat Lens

14. Applications of Metamaterial
Broadband and High-Gain Metamaterial Microstrip Antenna

15. Applications of Metamaterial
Metamaterial luneberg-Lens antenna

16. Applications of Metamaterial

17. Applications of Metamaterial
Cloaking & Invisible Man
Using as absorbers
سیاه‌چاله‌ای برای پرتوهای نورکه می‌تواند در جیب لباس شما نیز جا شود. این ابزار که طول آن به بیش از 22 سانتی‌متر نمی‌رسد، می‌تواند پرتوهای ریزموج (مایکرویو) را به‌دام انداخته و آنها را به حرارت تبدیل کند. این سیاه‌چاله، درواقع آخرین ابزار هوشمندانه‌ای است که با استفاده از متامتریال‌ها ساخته شده است

18. Applications of Metamaterial
Manufacturing of substrates in path antenna for
Achievement of band width and the radiator size reduction
Indemnification of electrical small antennas reactance
In a wide strip of frequencies
Formation of narrow beams by the elementary radiators
Submerged on metamaterial
Utilization of metamaterials for manufacturing superficial
Wave antennas
Decrease of mutual coupling between elements of
Antenna array
Electrically small resonators lower frequencies
Infinite wavelength devices
Electrically small antennas
High directivity antennas
Compact multi-frequency antennas
Time delay lines
Group velocity control
Antenna phase center control
Active elements:
Low loss metamaterials
Fast wave transmission lines
Broad bandwidth electrically
Lossless optical MTMs
Electrically small lasers
Electrically small amplifiers
Electrically small sensors
High-gain leaky-wave antennas
Distributed amplifiers
Tunable Phase Shifters
Coated Nano Particles

19. Modeling Metamaterial In CST

20. Implement Metamaterial Structure In CST

21. Implement Metamaterial Structure In CST

22. Implement Metamaterial Structure In CST

23. Implement Metamaterial Structure In CST

24. Modification of the Gain with Metamaterial
We should choose the frequency that produce : eps”,mu”=0 & eps’,mu’<0
Frequency=2.44 GHz

25. Modification of the Gain with Metamaterial