1. ROMAN LIFE AND CHRISTIANITY

2. I. ROMAN WORLD

3. A. SLAVES AND CAPTIVITY 1. WIDESPREAD & IMPORTANT TO ECONOMY 2. MOST BECAME SLAVES THROUGH CAPTURE 3. TREATMENT OF SLAVES a) BOUGHT & SOLD b) PUNISHED OR REWARDED c) SET FREE OR PUT TO DEATH

4. …SLAVES 4. JOBS a) FARMING b) CITY (ARTISANS) c) GLADIATORS

5. B. GODS AND GODDESSES 1. EVOLUTION a) WORSHIPPED NATURE SPIRITS OR FORCES b) GIVEN NAMES & BECAME HUMAN IN FORM c) GREEK GODS GIVEN ROMAN NAMES

6. 2. GREEK TO ROMAN DEITIES a) ZEUS = JUPITER b) HERA = JUNO c) APOLLO = APOLLO d) ATHENA = MINERVA e) ARTEMIS = DIANA f) APHRODITE = VENUS

10. 3. SYMBOLS AND IMAGES a) SURVIVE IN MODERN WESTERN CULTURE (1) SYMBOLS, METAPHORS, WORDS, IMAGES b) LITERATURE - AESOP’S FABLES

11. …SYMBOLS c) ARCHITECTURE - ARCH AND DOME d) ART = CLASSICAL STYLE (GREEK)

13. C. FAMILY 1. PATERFAMILIAS a) ELDEST MAN

14. b) PROPERTY & FAMILY (1 ) DISOWN NEWBORNS (2) BANISH FAMILY MEMBERS (3) SELL INTO SLAVERY

15. 2. WOMEN’S ROLES a) RAN HOUSEHOLDS b) OWN PROPERTY c) TESTIFY IN COURT d) COULD NOT VOTE

16. 3. CHILDREN AND EDUCATION a) BOYS (1) BECAME CITIZENS WITH RIGHT TO VOTE (2) RICH ATTENDED SCHOOLS (3) POOR WORKED / REMAINED ILLITERATE

17. …EDUCATION b) GIRLS (1) GIVEN FATHERS NAME (2) EDUCATED AT HOME (3) MARRIED AT 12 -15 TO OLDER MAN

18. D. SOCIETY & CULTURE 1. PATRICIANS a) LIVED EXTRAVAGANTLY b) SPENT ON HOMES, GARDENS, SLAVES, LUXURIES

23. 2. PLEBEIANS a) GIVEN DAILY RATIONS OF GRAIN b) CROWDED WOODEN APARTMENTS (TENEMENTS) c) FIRE CONSTANT PROBLEM

24. 3. CONTROLLING THE MASSES a) PROVIDED FREE GAMES, RACES, GLADIATORS b) USED TO DISTRACT FROM LIVING CONDITIONS c) 150 HOLIDAYS PER YEAR

25. 4. COLISEUM a) HUGE ARENA SEATING 50,000 b) ANIMALS FOUGHT TO DEATH c) GLADIATOR CONTESTS (TRUE GLADIATORS DID NOT FIGHT TO DEATH)

27. II. ART / ARCHITECTURE A. PANTHEON 1. TEMPLE TO ALL DEITIES 2. CONSTRUCTED OF CONCRETE 3. USE OF ARCH AND DOME

28. PANTHEON

29. PANTHEON INTERIOR

31. COFFERED DOME OF PANTHEON

32. B. CIRCUS MAXIMUS 1. ARENA SEATING 150,000 FOR CHARIOT RACES 2. CHARIOT TEAMS HAD COLORS 3. FANS SUPPORTED FAVORITE TEAMS (NASCAR)

33. CIRCUS MAXIMUS

34. C. FORUM 1. ETRUSCAN DESIGN FOR CENTRAL AREA OF CITY 2. CENTER OF GOVERNMENT AND TRADE

37. III. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A. TECHNOLOGY 1. ROADS a) 50,000 MILES b) USED TO CONTROL EMPIRE c) DEVELOPED INTO TRADE ROUTES

38. 2. AQUEDUCTS a) INCORPORATED IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES & USE OF THE ARCH b) DELIVERED FRESH WATER TO OVER 1 MILLION PEOPLE

39. …AQUEDUCTS c) CARRIED WATER OVER 60 MILES d) SOME USED INTO LAST CENTURY

40. AQUEDUCT

41. 3. ARCH a) INCORPORATED INTO BUILDINGS b) USED WITH DOME c) SPREAD INTO CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE

42. B. SCIENCE 1. PTOLEMY a) CALCULATED THE MOVEMENT OF PLANETS b) PREDICTED THE POSITION OF PLANETS

43. 2. MEDICINE a. EMPHASIZED PUBLIC HEALTH (1) PUBLIC BATHS (2) HOT WATER (3) TILE USE ETRUSCAN (4) CLEAN WATER SUPPLY

44. BATHS AT THE FORUM

45. …MEDICINE b) ESTABLISHED MEDICAL SCHOOLS

46. IV. LIFE & TEACHINGS OF JESUS A. ROMAN CONTROL 1.AROUND 63 B.C. 2. REMAINED INDEPENDENT AT BEGINNING

47. …CONTROL 3. JEWS ATTEMPTED REVOLT 4. JUDEA BECAME PROVINCE

48. …CONTROL 5. MESSIAH - SAVIOR WHO WOULD RESTORE KINGDOM

49. B. JESUS 1. BORN 6-4 B.C. 2. JEWISH AND ROMAN SUBJECT 3. BAPTIZED BY JOHN

51. …JESUS 4. MINISTRY (TEACHINGS) a) MONOTHEISM b) TEN COMMANDMENTS c) STRESSED LOVE FOR OTHERS d) ETERNAL LIFE

52. C. MOVEMENT a) INFORMATION ABOUT CHRIST FROM GOSPELS b) GOSPELS - 4 BOOKS OF NEW TESTAMENT c) WRITTEN BY DISCIPLES (PUPILS)

53. D. JESUS’ DEATH 1. ROME CONCERNED OVER CHRIST’S POPULARITY 2. ARRESTED & CONVICTED BY PONTIUS PILATE

54. …DEATH 3. CHRIST CRUCIFIED 4. ASCENDED TO HEAVEN

55. ...CRUCIFIXION

56. 5. PETER a) APOSTLE - TEACHER OF JESUS’ MESSAGE b) SPREAD TEACHINGS THROUGH SYRIA AND PALESTINE c) ESTABLISHED CHURCH IN ROME

57. V. CHRISTIANITY SPREADS A. PAUL’S MISSION 1. PAUL a) HEBREW OPPOSED TO CHRISTIANITY

58. …PAUL b) HAD VISION AND HEARD VOICE ON ROAD TO DAMASCUS c) BEGAN TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY THROUGHOUT EMPIRE

59. 2. PAX ROMANA a) SAFE TRAVEL HELPED SPREAD CHRISTIANITY b) COMMON LANGUAGE ALLOWED UNDERSTANDING OF MESSAGE

60. 3. PAUL'S TEACHINGS a) CHRIST SON OF GOD b) ANYONE COULD BE CHRISTIAN c) ALLOWED RELIGION TO GROW

61. B. JEWISH REBELLION 1. JEWS REBELLED 2. ROME DESTROYED JEWISH TEMPLE 3. WESTERN WALL LEFT STANDING (WAILING WALL)

63. …REBELLION 4. DIASPORA - JEWS WERE SPREAD THROUGHOUT EMPIRE CREATING SCATTERED JEWISH COMMINUTES

64. C. PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS 1. CHRISTIANS REFUSED TO WORSHIP ROMAN GODS (CONFLICTED WITH ROMAN POLYTHEISM)

65. …PERSECUTION 2. PERSECUTED BY NERO (SCAPEGOATS) FOR POLITICAL & ECONOMIC PROBLEMS 3. PETER AND PAUL PUT TO DEATH IN ROME

66. …PERSECUTION 4. DECLINE OF PAX ROMANA (CHRISTIANS) a) IMPRISONED AND EXECUTED b) CRUCIFIED, BURNED, KILLED BY ANIMALS

68. …PERSECUTION c) MARTYRS - SACRIFICED LIVES FOR BELIEFS d) MISSIONARIES - PEOPLE WHO SPREAD RELIGIOUS TEACHINGS

69. CHRISTIANS AND THE LIONS

70. VI. WORLD RELIGION A. INTRODUCTION - APPEAL OF CHRISTIANITY 1. EMBRACED ALL PEOPLE 2. GAVE HOPE TO POWERLESS 3. LIFE AFTER DEATH

71. B. CONSTANTINE 1. ROMAN EMPEROR 2. MILVIAN BRIDGE a) SAW CROSS OF LIGHT b) PLACED CROSS ON SHIELDS

72. …MILVIAN BRIDGE c) GAVE CREDIT FOR VICTORY TO CHRISTIAN GOD

74. 3. PERSECUTIONS a) ENDED PERSECUTIONS b) EDICT OF MILAN (1) PEOPLE FREE TO CHOOSE OWN RELIGION

75. …PERSECUTIONS c) THEODOSIUS (1) MADE CHRISTIANITY OFFICIAL RELIGION OF ROME\

76. C. CHRISTIAN CHURCH 1. STRUCTURE a) LOCAL LEVEL (PARISH) SMALL GROUP OF CHRISTIANS HEADED BY A PRIEST

77. …STRUCTURE b) SEVERAL LOCAL CHURCHES (DIOCESE) - HEADED BY A BISHOP c) PETER - FIRST BISHOP OF ROME

79. 2. HEAD OF CHURCH a) ALL CITIES HAD A BISHOP b) POPE - FATHER OF CHURCH (ROMAN BISHOP) c) ROME BECAME CENTER OF CHURCH

80. D. A SINGLE VOICE 1. HERESY a) CONTRADICTING BASIC CHURCH TEACHINGS (DOCTRINE)

81. 2. NEW TESTAMENT a) OFFICIAL STANDARD OF BELIEF b) BISHOPS FROM LEADING CITIES WHO SET CHURCH DOCTRINE

82. …TESTAMENT c) NICENE CREED (1) DEFINED BASIC BELIEFS OF CHRISTIANITY

83. E. FATHERS OF THE CHURCH 1. EARLY WRITERS & SCHOLARS WHO DEFINED CHURCH TEACHINGS 2. AUGUSTINE a) BISHOP OF HIPPO (N. AFRICA)

84. …FATHERS b) TEACHINGS / WRITINGS (1) NEEDED GRACE OF GOD TO BE SAVED (2) HAD TO BELONG TO CHURCH & RECEIVE SACRAMENTS