1. Medical School Histology Basics Cartilage and Bone
VIBS 289 lab
Larry Johnson Texas A&M University

2. Cartilage and Bone Slide 121: Bone, rabbit femur
Cross section
- Chondroblasts/chondrocytes
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Concentric lamellae,
Haversion system =
osteon
Haversion canal,
Volkmann’s canal
Osteoid
Osteoblast/osteocytes
Lacunae
Canaliculi
Compact bone
Spongy
bone
Muscle
cartilage

3. Functions of Cartilage and Bone
Evolutionary - embryonic model for bones
Slides across each other easily while bearing
weight (joints, articular surfaces of bones)
Cushion - cartilage has limited compressibility
(joints)
Bone
Skeletal support land animals
Protective enclosure (vital organs)
Skull to protect brain and
long bone to protect hemopoietic cells
Hemopoiesis
Hemopoiesis

4. CELLS OF CT FIBROBLASTS MESENCHYMAL CELLS and RBC ADIPOSE CELLS
MACROPHAGE
PLASMA CELLS
MAST CELLS and WBC
CHONDROBLASTS
CHONDROCYTES
OSTEOBLASTS
OSTEOCYTES
OSTEOCLASTS

5. TYPES OF CARTILAGE HYALINE CARTILAGE ELASTIC CARTILAGE FIBROCARTILAGE
CHONDROCYTES
HYALINE CARTILAGE
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Chondrocytes
FIBROCARTILAGE
Lacunae = “space”

6. Slide 194 Fetal elbow Transformation zone of cartilage to bone
Perichondrium
Transformation zone
of cartilage to bone
HYALINE CARTILAGE

7. Slide 194: Fetal elbow Hyaline cartilage, synovial membrane
Dense regular connective tissue
Bone matrix

8. Slide 133: Trachea, monkey
Hyaline cartilage
perichondrium

9. Slide 19762: Outer ear Elastic cartilage epithelium Elastic fibers
Perichondrium
Epithelium

10. DEMO SLIDE BOX 223 (F-H-48-1) –Pinna of ear, cat
Elastic cartilage
Elastic fibers
Dense irregular tissue
of the perichondrium
Chondrocytes Chondroblasts

11. FIBROCARTILAGE
Tendon/ ligament
Fibroblast in
Tendon/ligament
INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND HYALINE CARTILAGE
NO PERICHONDRIUM
FIBROCARTILAGE
Chondrocytes in
fibrocartilage
Bone

12. Fibrocartilage of Fetal elbow
194
Fibrocartilage of Fetal elbow
Type 1 collagen
bundles in
fibrocartilage
Skeletal muscle
Chondrocytes in
fibrocartilage

13. DEMO SLIDE BOX 236 (53a) – Femur, cat. Bone Chondrocytes in
fibrocartilage
Fibroblasts in tendon
Fibrocartilage is found connecting other structures. Here, the fibrocartilage is joining tendon to bone.

14. Dense irregular connective tissue capsule, the perichondrium
Dense irregular connective tissue capsule, the perichondrium. An exception is the articular surface of cartilage in joints where the capsule is removed by the contact of hyaline cartilage at the surface of touching bones,
Perichondrium
Slide 194
Articular surface
has no perichondrium.
Joint is encapsulated by the synovial membrane

15. Tibia, fetal 421 Fibroblasts of the perichondrium
In the fetal tibia, the perichondrium is a very prominent layer in actively growing fetal cartilage (note high density of cells developing)
Cartilage

16. Tibia, fetal 421 Sulfated glycosaminoglycans
as extracellular substrate
Cartilage
Fibroblasts
Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes
Perichondrium

17. EM 11: Perichondrium Fibroblast Perichondrium Appositional growth
Chondrocyte

18. EM 13: Chondrocytes Interstitial growth = mitotic division
within the cartilage ,
chondrocytes
RER
Growth plate

21. Slide 194: Fetal elbow Hyaline cartilage, Fibrocartilage
Dense regular connective tissue
Bone matrix Lacunae
Fibrocartilage

22. Slide 220: Fetal finger Cancellous (spongy) bone Growth plate
Compact bone

23. Slide 220 : Fetal finger
Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts
Cancellous
(spongy)
bone
Compact
bone

24. Slide 220
Cartilage
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Compact bone

25. Slide 220 : Fetal finger
Cells that can be seen along the surface of the trabeculae
Trabeculae
Osteocytes
Compact
bone

26. EM 12: Osteoblast Prominent rough ER, Large Golgi complex
Secretory vesicles
Hydroxyapatite crystals

27. EM 12: Osteoblast Prominent rough ER, Large Golgi complex Secretory
vesicles

28. 32583 Rat bone toluidine blue stain of thin (.5 um) section
Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts

29. Bone diagram Concentric lamellae Haversion canal Volkmann’s canal
Compact bone
Concentric lamellae
Haversion canal
Volkmann’s canal
Haversion system
Spongy
bone
Haversion
canal

30. Bone diagram Haversion canal, Osteocytes Lacunae, Canaliculi,
Compact bone
Haversion canal,
Osteocytes
Lacunae,
Canaliculi,
One forth of a
Haversion system,

31. 30130 compact bone
Haversion canal
Osteocytes
Lacunae
Canaliculi

32. Haversian system = osteon Bone matrix = osteoid
Osteons (“Haversian systems”)
Osteonal (“Haversian” or “central”) canals Concentric lamellae
Canaliculi
lacunae
Vet school
Demo Slide #220

33. Slide 121: Bone, rabbit femur
Concentric lamellae,
Osteocytes
Lacunae,
Haversion canal
Haversion system,
Spongy
bone
Compact bone

34. Slide 121 : Bone, rabbit femur
Concentric lamellae
Haversion canal
Osteocytes
Lacunae
Canaliculi,
Haversion system
Compact bone

35. Slide 121 : Bone, rabbit femur
endosteum
Compact bone
Concentric lamellae
Haversion system
Haversion canal
Osteocytes
Lacunae
Canaliculi

36. Slide 425: Bone (unstained)
Compact bone, concentric lamellae, Haversion system, Haversion canal, osteocytes
Volkmann’s canal

37. Slide 425 : Bone (unstained)
Compact bone
Haversion system
Haversion canal
Osteocytes
Volkmann’s canal

38. 195
Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts

39. HYALINE CARTILAGE
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE, RESPONSIBLE FOR LONGITUDINAL GROWTH OF LONG BONES

40. 421 Endochondral Ossification
Proliferation and alignment of epiphyseal cartilage cells is followed by hypertrophy and calcification
Secondary
spongiosa have
osteoid cores
Primary spongiosa have cartilage cores
Slide 121

41. Slide 220 Fetal Finger

42. In summary

43. Questions on Cartilage and Bone
Which is/are true about endochondral bone growth?
growth in width occurs by appositional growth
growth in length occurs at the epiphyseal plate by interstitial growth of cartilage followed by replacement by bone
secondary spongiosa has an osteoid core
a and b
a, b, and c
Cartilage differs from bone in:
diffusibility of the extracellular matrix
presence of isogenous groups of cells
ability for appositional growth

44. Many illustrations in these VIBS Histology YouTube videos were modified from the following books and sources: Many thanks to original sources!
Bruce Alberts, et al Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY.
Bruce Alberts, et al Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY.
William J. Banks, Applied Veterinary Histology. Williams and Wilkins, Los Angeles, CA.
Hans Elias, et al Histology and Human Microanatomy. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Don W. Fawcett Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA.
Don W. Fawcett Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY.
Arthur W. Ham and David H. Cormack Histology. J. S. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, PA.
Luis C. Junqueira, et al Basic Histology. Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, CA.
L. Carlos Junqueira, et al Basic Histology. Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT.
L.L. Langley, et al Dynamic Anatomy and Physiology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
W.W. Tuttle and Byron A. Schottelius Textbook of Physiology. The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, MO.
Leon Weiss Histology Cell and Tissue Biology. Elsevier Biomedical, New York, NY.
Leon Weiss and Roy O. Greep Histology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
Nature ( Vol. 414:88,2001.
Arthur C. Guyton,1971.Textbook of Medical Physiology W.B. Saunders company, Philadelphia, PA
WW Tuttle and BA Schottelius Textbook of Physiology C.V. Mosby Co.
A.L. Mescher Junqueira’s Basis Histology text and atlas, 13th ed. McGraw

45. Big Bend TX

46. End of