1. FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS

2. CONTENTS Five Component Model of a Computer Input And Output Devices
Primary And Secondary Memory
Software And Hardware
Generations Of Computers

3. Five Component Model of a Computer
Processor
CPU and ALU
Main Memory
Input Devices
Output Devices
Secondary Memory

4. Input And Output Devices
INPUT DEVICES
Input devices are used to feed input to the computer in various forms.
Some main input devices are:-
1.Keyboard
2.Mouse
3.Microphone

5. OUTPUT DEVICES
Output devices produced output of the machine in human readable form.
Some most common output devices are:-
Monitors
Printers
Speakers

6. THE MEMORY DEVICES 1.PRIMARY MEMORY 2.SECONDRY MEMORY
THE MEMORY DIVIDED IN TWO PARTS
1.PRIMARY MEMORY
2.SECONDRY MEMORY

7. (Random access memory)
PRIMARY MEMORY
The memory inside the CPU is primary memory.
It is divided in two parts:-
RAM
(Random access memory)
ROM
(Read-only-memory)

8. RAM It has two types:- 1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and 2. Static RAM (SRAM)
It is called random access memory.
In RAM, any cell can be accessed from any desired random location. Information can be read from and written into in RAM.
It has two types:-
1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and
2. Static RAM (SRAM)

9. ROM Programmable Read Only Memory(PROM)
It is called read-only-memory.
It is a memory unit that performs the read operation only; it does not have a write capability .It is a non-volatile memory.
There are various types of ROM .
Programmable Read Only Memory(PROM)
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory(EPROM)
Electrically Erasable PROM(EEPROM)

10. SECONDARY MEMORY Hard disks Floppy disks CD ROMs DVDs
The memory outside the CPU is called secondary memory.
The most common secondary storage devices are:-
Hard disks
Floppy disks
CD ROMs
DVDs