1. usTLD Stakeholders Council Bryan Britt Beltane Web Services Delegated Domain Manager since 1996 ~500 Domain Delegations

2. Outline »RFC1480 »Domain Manager Responsibilities »Naming Structure of the Legacy.US Domain Space »DNS as it pertains to Domain Registries »Challenges

3. RFC1480 (1993) »Specifies the hierarchy design and policies of the (legacy).US Domain »Co-authored by Jon Postel and Ann Cooper of the University of California – Information Services Institute (ISI) »Set up the delegation procedures and policies for the Domain Managers

4. Domain Manager Responsibilities »Equitable, just, honest, and competent »(At least) two nameservers, geographically separate »Neustar has DNS access to nameservers »Timely communication (within 24 hours) »Accept all applicants on an equal basis »NEXUS policy

5. Domain Manager Responsibilities »Limited to 500 delegations, maximum of 50 in a state »Moratorium on transfers or new delegations

6. Naming Structure.US.FED (Federal).DNI (Distributed National Institutes).AR (Each State)

7. Naming Structure.US.AR (State).K12.CC.TEC.LIB.STATE.GEN(Locality) The Locality could be either a city or country name within the state. Domain delegations happened at this level.

8. Naming Structure.US.AR (State).Conway (Locality).CI.COJoesFish Examples City of Conway ci.conway.ar.us, fire.ci.conway.ar.us, police.ci.conway.ar.us County of Conway co.conway.ar.us, sheriff.co.conway.ar.us Joe’s Fish Market joesfish.conway.ar.us Joe Blow joeblow.conway.ar.us

9. DNS (as it pertains to Domain Registries) SOA – Start of Authority “Who’s in Charge?”

10. DNS (as it pertains to Domain Registries) BELTANEcom Root Servers

11. DNS (as it pertains to Domain Registries) BELTANEcom Domain RegistryRoot Servers a.root-servers.net b.root-servers.net c.root-servers.net d.root-servers.net e.root-servers.net f.root-servers.net g.root-servers.net h.root-servers.net i.root-servers.net j.root-servers.net k.root-servers.net l.root-servers.net m.root-servers.net

12. DNS (as it pertains to Domain Registries) BELTANEcom DOMAINDomain RegistryRoot Servers a.root-servers.net b.root-servers.net c.root-servers.net d.root-servers.net e.root-servers.net f.root-servers.net g.root-servers.net h.root-servers.net i.root-servers.net j.root-servers.net k.root-servers.net l.root-servers.net m.root-servers.net a.root-servers.net b.root-servers.net c.root-servers.net d.root-servers.net e.root-servers.net f.root-servers.net g.root-servers.net h.root-servers.net i.root-servers.net j.root-servers.net k.root-servers.net l.root-servers.net m.root-servers.net

13. DNS (as it pertains to Domain Registries) BELTANEcom DNS EntriesDOMAINDomain RegistryRoot Servers SOA A CNAME etc. dns1.beltane.com dns2.beltane.com a.root-servers.net b.root-servers.net c.root-servers.net d.root-servers.net e.root-servers.net f.root-servers.net g.root-servers.net h.root-servers.net i.root-servers.net j.root-servers.net k.root-servers.net l.root-servers.net m.root-servers.net a.root-servers.net b.root-servers.net c.root-servers.net d.root-servers.net e.root-servers.net f.root-servers.net g.root-servers.net h.root-servers.net i.root-servers.net j.root-servers.net k.root-servers.net l.root-servers.net m.root-servers.net

14. DNS (as it pertains to Domain Registries) CIconwayarus Domain Registry Root Servers a.cctld.us b.cctld.us c.cctld.us e.cctld.us f.cctld.us k.cctld.us a.root-servers.net b.root-servers.net c.root-servers.net d.root-servers.net e.root-servers.net f.root-servers.net g.root-servers.net h.root-servers.net i.root-servers.net j.root-servers.net k.root-servers.net l.root-servers.net m.root-servers.net

15. DNS (as it pertains to Domain Registries) CIconwayarus (Reserved)Domain Registry Root Servers a.cctld.us b.cctld.us c.cctld.us e.cctld.us f.cctld.us k.cctld.us a.cctld.us b.cctld.us c.cctld.us e.cctld.us f.cctld.us k.cctld.us a.root-servers.net b.root-servers.net c.root-servers.net d.root-servers.net e.root-servers.net f.root-servers.net g.root-servers.net h.root-servers.net i.root-servers.net j.root-servers.net k.root-servers.net l.root-servers.net m.root-servers.net

16. DNS (as it pertains to Domain Registries) CIconwayarus Domain Managers(Reserved)Domain Registry Root Servers usdns.beltane.com usdns2.beltane.com usdns3.beltane.com usdns4.beltane.com usdns5.beltane.com a.cctld.us b.cctld.us c.cctld.us e.cctld.us f.cctld.us k.cctld.us a.cctld.us b.cctld.us c.cctld.us e.cctld.us f.cctld.us k.cctld.us a.root-servers.net b.root-servers.net c.root-servers.net d.root-servers.net e.root-servers.net f.root-servers.net g.root-servers.net h.root-servers.net i.root-servers.net j.root-servers.net k.root-servers.net l.root-servers.net m.root-servers.net

17. DNS (as it pertains to Domain Registries) CIconwayarus DNS Records DOMAINDomain Managers(Reserved)Domain Registry Root Servers SOA A CNAME etc. ns1.domain.co m ns2.domain.co m usdns.beltane.com usdns2.beltane.com usdns3.beltane.com usdns4.beltane.com usdns5.beltane.com a.cctld.us b.cctld.us c.cctld.us e.cctld.us f.cctld.us k.cctld.us a.cctld.us b.cctld.us c.cctld.us e.cctld.us f.cctld.us k.cctld.us a.root-servers.net b.root-servers.net c.root-servers.net d.root-servers.net e.root-servers.net f.root-servers.net g.root-servers.net h.root-servers.net i.root-servers.net j.root-servers.net k.root-servers.net l.root-servers.net m.root-servers.net

18. Challenges to Domain Mangers »Keeping our Nameservers online »Confusion by Domain Registrants » Where we fall in the grand scheme » Unavailability of access to the WHOIS »Confusion by Internet Service Companies » DNS & Web hosting companies » SSL Providers

19. Delegated Manager Breakdown © Neustar, Inc. 19 »Currently 370 delegated managers responsible for 2,263 total legacy domains » 286 delegated managers responsible for a single locality domain name » 55 delegated managers responsible for 2-10 names » 29 delegated managers responsible for 10+ names » Ten largest delegated managers responsible for 63 percent of the locality domain names »Neustar serves as the delegated manager for 4,065 domain names