2. THE GREAT DEPRESSION BEGINS

3. HOOVER AND The Depression

4. Banks Begin to Fail
Banks were the first thing hit by the stock market crash as numerous banks closed their doors
When the stock prices fell, many banks lost money on their investments.
People who had deposits in these banks lost all their savings. Others took their deposits out as quickly as possible, creating runs.

5. A Bank Run
A bank run occurred when people, fearing the bank would go bankrupt, rushed to the bank to take out their money
A bank run led to the closing of a bank because all of the banks money would be gone

7. Hoover Federalism
Hoover believed that charities or state and local governments - not the federal government – provide food & shelter to people who were poor or out of work.
Relief line waiting for commodities, San Antonio, Texas.

8. Life During the Depression

9. Effects of the Depression
The Depression brought suffering & hardship to many
Hard economic times ruined many people’s lives.
Millions lost jobs, went hungry, or became homeless.

10. Depression leads to depression
Other families broke apart under the strain of poverty & unemployment.
Many men felt ashamed because they lost their jobs.
Some men left their families & wandered the country looking for work.

11. Effects on the American Family
The federal government did not give direct relief-cash, or food directly to the poor people.
Charities and some city governments struggled to help.
States collected less tax money.
Programs like child welfare was cut.
School days were shorten or closed all together.
Children often went to work to help out their families; they often labored in sweatshops under horrendous conditions.
Rates of suicide and mental illness increased.
Young people were forced to give up their dreams of college.

12. EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION
Suicide rate rose more than 30% between
Alcoholism rose sharply in urban areas
Three times as many people were admitted to state mental hospitals as in normal times
Many people showed great kindness to strangers

13. Children suffered terribly during the Depression

14. Many children had poor diets & no health care.

15. Many teenagers ran away from home in hopes of finding work.

16. Hobos
Many homeless people began to wander around the country, walking, hitchhiking or, most often, “riding the rails” (hopped on trains).
These men who wandered the country were called “hobos”

17. Turning to Charities
Many people turned to charitable organizations in order to survive
Many people resorted to soup kitchens and bread lines for their food
Charities became an major source of assistance to many who were “down
on their luck.”

18. “Hooverville” Some families were forced to live in shanty towns
A grouping of shacks and tents in vacant lots
They were referred to as “Hooverville” because of President Hoover’s lack of help during the depression.

20. Central Park, New York City

21. Many waited in unemployment lines hoping for a job.

22. People in cities would wait in line for bread to bring to their family.

23. Christmas Day Breadlines in New York City, 1931

25. The Hoover Dam
Hoover used the Boulder Dam project as a model of how federal government could encourage cooperation b/w private groups

26. Man killing turtle to make soup, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Sept. 1939.

28. Some families were forced to relocate because they had no money.

29. New York. Bread line beside the Brooklyn Bridge approach

30. Germany Worldwide Effect
Germany's Weimar Republic was hit hard by the depression, as American loans to help rebuild the German economy stopped.
Unemployment soared, especially in larger cities, and the political system veered toward extremism.
Hitler's Nazi Party came to power in January In 1934 the economy was still not balanced enough for Germany to work on its own.

31. Canada
Harshly impacted by both the global economic downturn and the Dust Bowl
Canadian industrial production had fallen to only 58% of the 1929 level by 1932, the second lowest level in the world after the United States.
Total national income fell to 55% of the 1929 level, again worse than any nation apart from the United States.

32. Latin America
Because of high levels of United States investment in Latin American economies, they were severely damaged by the Depression
Chile, Bolivia and Peru were particularly badly affected
One result of the Depression in this area was the rise of fascist movements.

33. The End to the Great Depression
Outbreak of World War II causes
US factories flooded with orders for armaments and munitions
Unemployment decreases and production increase
Depression ends completely by the time the US enters the war in 1941

34. The End