1. Group One: The Cardiovascular System John Williamson Katherine Bell Matt Farina

2. Focus Questions: How does air get into the lungs? What is the role of the diaphragm?

3. What is the path of air into the lungs? Mouth/Nose Pharynx EpiglottisLarynx Trachea Bronchial Tree Alveoli

4. Nasal and Oral Cavities Nasal Cavity: Prepares and conditions outside air for lungs Oral Cavity: Used for respiration when higher intake of oxygen is needed

5. Pharynx The throat Connects the Mouth and Nose to the Larynx Also connects to the esophagus

6. Epiglottis Tissue flap that covers the entrance to the Larynx Closes of Larynx when swallowing to protect the lungs

7. Larynx Entrance to the Trachea Contains the vocal chords which determine sound production and pitch –The Glottis is the opening between the vocal chords

8. Trachea Downward airway towards the lungs, single path Branches into the two bronchi which enter the left and right lungs

9. Brachial Tree Multiple airways that continue to narrow and divide throughout each lung Branch out to provide greater surface area Bronchi Bronchiole Alveolar Duct

10. Alveoli Form alveolar sacs at the end of each “branch” An Air sac that fills with air to bring oxygen to the capillaries that surround the sac.

11. Diaphragm - Contracts and pulls down to inflate lungs during inhalation - Relaxes to exhale - As diaphragm ascends, thoracic pressure increases, helping blood circulation

12. Diaphragm Composed of two parts: a central aponeurotic part and a peripheral muscle part Muscle divided into Sternal, Costal, and Lumbar parts Muscular composition allows diaphragm to ascend and descend

13. VocabularyOrderingFunctionApplication 10015. Slide 1515. Slide 1510016. Slide 1616. Slide 1610017. Slide 1717. Slide 1710018. Slide 1818. Slide 18 20019. Slide 1919. Slide 1920020. Slide 2020. Slide 2020021. Slide 2121. Slide 2120022. Slide 2222. Slide 22 30023. Slide 2323. Slide 2330024. Slide 2424. Slide 2430025. Slide 2525. Slide 2530026. Slide 2626. Slide 26 40027. Slide 2727. Slide 2740028. Slide 2828. Slide 2840029. Slide 2929. Slide 2940030. Slide 3030. Slide 30 50031. Slide 3131. Slide 3150032. Slide 3232. Slide 3250033. Slide 3333. Slide 3350034. Slide 3434. Slide 34

14. What is the Chamber in which air is moistened, warmed and filtered. The Nasal Cavity

15. What is the Third Structure Air enters when air is being transferred into the lungs? The Epiglottis

16. What is the function of the Pharynx? The Pharynx is an airway that connects the nasal cavity and oral cavity with the larynx. It also connects with the esophagus.

17. Describe and situation in which a persons inhalation rate would increase and why this is necessary. When someone is engaging in physical activity, more oxygen is needed for their cells because they are more active and working harder. Breathing at a heavier rate increases oxygen intake.

18. The tissue like flap at the entrance to the larynx. The Epiglottis

19. Order these components of the Respiratory System: Bronchial Tree, Larynx, Epiglottis, Alveoli 1. Epiglottis 2.Larynx 3.Bronchial Tree 4.Alveoli

20. Why are the Alveolar Sacs covered in pulmonary capillaries? Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen need to diffuse between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries in order to reach other parts of the body (Carbon Dioxide LEAVE the body)

21. If food enters the larynx what element of the respiratory system failed to do its “job”. The Epiglottis

22. What is the central passageway leading towards the lungs? The Trachea

23. What is the correct order of: The Larynx, Pharynx, and Epiglottis. Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx

24. What is the function of the Bronchial Tree? To increase the surface for gas exchange. (ex. Absorbing oxygen).

25. Based on your knowledge which animal would have more efficient lungs a sloth of a leopard? A leopard.

26. What is the diaphragm? The Diaphragm is the muscle sheet between the chest and abdominal cavity that is responsible for inhaling and exhaling.

27. Which comes first the nasal or oral cavity? Neither

28. What is the function of the Larynx? The Larynx allows for sound production (vocal cords) and well as an enterence to the trachea.

29. What is the position of the diaphragm when someone is holding their breath? The diaphragm is in a contracted position.

30. Which components of the Respiratory system are shared with the digestive system? The Oral Cavity The Pharynx

31. Describe the entire pathway in which air enters the Lungs. (7 total parts) Mouth/Nose Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchial Tree Alveoli

32. What is the bronchus (plural bronchi) covered in? Describe its function. The lining of the bronchi is covered in cilia and mucus-secreting cells. (Thus giving it increased surface area). The cilia also sweeps debris covered mucus towards the mouth where it is expelled or swallowed.

33. Explain How the Heimlich Maneuver works. When done correctly, the Heimlich Maneuver lifts the diaphragm. This causes a quick decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity and a quick increase in the alveolar pressure. Air is then forced up the trachea because of the increased pressure and the pressure may be enough to dislodge the obstruction.

34. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621 PrrO0

35. References http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/OnLineBiology/OLBB/www.em c.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/humrespsys_1.gif http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/OnLineBiology/OLBB/www.em c.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/humrespsys_1.gif http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/human-blockhead-nasal-diagram.gif (Pictures used) Cecie, Ralph, and Taggart Starr. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. 9 th edition. Pacific Grove CA: Brooks/Cole Thompson Learning, 2001. Print. http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/diaphragm-picture.htm http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/muscular/diaphragm.gif http: //download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/diaphram.htm http: //download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/diaphram.htm http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/Hum anbody/RespiratorySystem/WindpipeBronchialTree/41b.gif