1. Chapter -2 Presentation

2. Objectives of the chapter Understand what is presentation How to plan for a presentation 5 main elements of presentation Determinants of good presentation Identify and appreciate techniques of speech

3. Presentation What is presentation? Presentation is used as a formal method of bringing people together to communicate ideas and information to them

4. Presentation

5. How to plan for the presentation?/Five main (hamm) elements of presentation 1.Formulate your objectives 2.Identify the audience 3.Structure of presentation 4.The beginning 5.The ending

6. 1.Formulate your objectives Objective of the presentation is what do you aim to do to your audience 1) To inform (akhbara - yukhbiru ) or instruct, as one would as an instructional course leader, and is based on thought processes. Zain Mobile Internet plan, Saudi Arabia

7. 1.Formulate your objectives (2) To persuade or motivate to action, as would a politician or salesman, and is based on behavior modification. (3) To inspire, entertain or otherwise elicit feelings and emotions, as would a motivational speaker or stand- up comic, and is based on changing attitudes.

8. 2.Identify the audience Who are you presenting to?  Senior managers?  Board of directors?  Executives?  Sales Representative?  Students?

9. 3. Structure of presentation There are five types of structure of presentation A.Sequential structure B.Hierarchical decomposition structure C.Question oriented Structure D.Pyramid E.The Beefy sandwich structure

10. 3. Structure of presentation A.1. Sequential – Step by step approach leading to conclusion 1,2,3,…………………… …………………………………… ….8,9,10

11. 3. Structure of presentation B. Hierarchal decomposition: Hierarchal decomposition: In here the main topic is broken down into sub- topics and each sub- topics into smaller topics

12. 3. Structure of presentation- B.Hierarchal decomposition: Management MarketingHuman Resources productprice Place Promotion Compensation & Benefits Training & Development Recruitment & Selection

13. 3. Structure of presentation C. Question oriented- 1. Give problem and background to the problem, 2. outline various solutions with their advantages and disadvantages. 3. All possible solutions are summarised with their pro’s and con’s and preferred solution is presented for endorsement

14. 3. Structure of presentation D. Pyramid 1. The story is introduced with the characters 2. In the next paragraph more information is given about the characters 3. Further story about individual characters are given

15. 3. Structure of presentation E. Meaty sandwich a. Introduction b. Middle part c. Summary

16. 4. The Beginning ( ATSRA: Attention- Theme-Structure-Rapport- Administration) Get attention – Limited time is available and every minute is precious to you. Make sure your audience ( istimewa) pay attention Establish a theme – State the objective of your presentation so that the audience may also contribute to the presentation by recalling their own experiences in terms of the objectives Present a structure – Tell the audience in advance the structure of the presentation. Structure of presentation includes sequential, hierarchal decomposition, question oriented, pyramid and meaty sandwich.

17. 4. The Beginning Create a rapport – how are you going to relate to the audience? Are u going to relate to them as their friend, an expert, a judge Administration – Find administrative details which need to be announced during the speech and do announce those because audience may be looking forward to listening to those which might distract their attention

18. 5.The End The ending –  Plan the last few sentences of the ending with extreme care  At the end you might also summarise the main points  Use of Visual Aids will make the audience understand the concepts better

19. 5.The End- Delivery The Delivery - Eyes, voice, expression, appearance and stance can make a presentation effective or ineffective Eyes –  When with a small number of audience, make eye to eye contact with the audience  When the audience are large in numbers simply stare at them to make sure that they are your object of attention

20. 5.The End- Delivery Voice-  Talk slightly louder and slowly  Vary the pitch and the speed of the presentation Expression  If your face is distracted the audience face is so. If your face is smiling, then the audience might pay attention  Make sure you facial expression are normal

21. 5.The End- Delivery Appearance  Dress for the audience, make sure you do not look out of place  Your dress should be in line with the dress of the audience Stance- How do you stand  Do not lean  It is ok to rest your hands after you have made a gesture

22. The Techniques of speech Make an Impression - Isolate the most important points of your speech and device some method to make it stick Repeat, Repeat - Repeat the most important point again and again “ First you tell them what you are going to tell them, then you tell them what you told them” Draw a picture – use of analogies and metaphors will make the audience understand the concept better Jokes - jokes which do not offend anyone and related to the context will make the audience refreshed and be attentive

23. The Techniques of speech Types of Speech Plain speech Yes / No Short and Sweet When you are given very less time Narrative Make your message into a story and audience will want to hear every word of it

24. The Techniques of speech Rehearsal- Rehearse in front of a mirror or a theatre. Remember, “you see a lot less of yourself than your friends do. Relaxation – If you get nervous, try to control or enjoy the feel. If you dry up in the middle- smile, look at your notes and take your time. The silence will seem long to you, but less so to the audience Conclusion – After the speech, calm down and evaluate your performance. Rectify the mistakes of your performance in the next presentation

25. Summary What is presentation? Presentation is used as a formal method of bringing people together to communicate ideas and information to them

26. Summary- Five main elements of presentation Objectives – persuade, motivate, inspire Audience – Executive ?, Sales representatives ?, students? Structure – Sequential structure, hierarchical decomposition, question oriented ? Pyramid and meaty sandwich structure.

27. Summary- Five main elements of presentation Beginning- (ATSRA: Attention, Theme, structure, Rapport and Administration) Ending Delivery – Eyes, Voice, Expression and Stance Techniques of speech- impression, repeat, picture, jokes, plain speech, Short and sweet speech, Narrative speech, rehearsal, relaxation and conclusion