1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. Europe’s Latitude v. US

3. Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

4. Satellite View of Europe

5. 3,800 square miles

6. REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS

7. Continents by Size (sq. km.) Asia44,579,000Africa30,065,000 North America 24,256,000 South America 17,819,000 Antarctica13,209,000 Europe Europe9,938,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 7,687,000

9. Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? OROR A Peninsula of Asia?

10. Europe: An Asian Peninsula?

11. Northern Peninsulas Jutland Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula

12. Southern Peninsulas Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Anatolean Peninsula Crimean Peninsula

13. PeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulas PeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulas Scandinavian Pen. Jutland Pen. Iberian Pen. Italian Pen.Balkan Pen. Anatolean Pen. Crimean Pen. Peloponnesian Pen.

14. What’s the answer ??

15. B o d i e s of W a t e r B o d i e s of W a t e r Mediterranean Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea

16. The Mediterranean Sea: Mare Nostrum e 2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide e “Crossroads of 3 Continents” Caesarea on the Israeli coast Strait of Gibraltar & the “Pillars of Hercules”

17. RiversRiversRiversRivers RiversRiversRiversRivers Danube R. Seine R. Rhine R. Loire R. Po R. Tiber R. Tagus R. Thames R. Elbe R. Oder R. Vistula R. Dnieper R. Volga R. Don R. Ebro R.

18. The Danube River 1770 miles

19. The Danube River  Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine. Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube

20. The Volga River e The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.

21. The Volga River e The river is so polluted that the sturgeon catch has been decreased by 60%.

22. Why are most of the capitals of Europe on major rivers??

23. Capitals on the Rivers (1) Paris, right bank of the Seine London on the Thames Prague on the Vltava Budapest on the Danube

24. Capitals on the Rivers (2) Berlin on the Spree Moscow on the Moscow River Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube

25. What’s the answer ??

26. Answer:Answer: They are Europe’s lifeline!

27. Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Dinaric Alps Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Ural Mts. Mt. Etna ^ Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^

28. ElevationElevation Alps Carpathians Caucasus Urals Pyrennes Apennines

29. The Alps e Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

30. Mt. Blanc in the Alps e Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

31. The Caucasus Mountains e The origin of the word Caucasian.

32. Transylvania in the Carpathian Mountains e Home of Vlad Tepeš, the Drakul (“Count Dracula”)

33. Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide” e Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia. 1500 miles

34. The Ural Mountains

35. PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains Northern European Plain Steppes Siberian Lowlands

36. The BENELUX Countries * Belgium * Netherlands * Luxembourg * Belgium * Netherlands * Luxembourg

37. Holland’s Dikes

38. Amsterdam’s Canals

39. The Netherlands: The “Dagger” Pointing at the Heart of Britain!

40. PlateausPlateausPlateausPlateaus PlateausPlateausPlateausPlateaus Meseta

41. CompletedCompletedMapMapCompletedCompletedMapMap CompletedCompletedMapMapCompletedCompletedMapMap North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea Danube R. Seine R. Rhine R. Loire R. Po R. Tiber R. Tagus R. Thames R. Elbe R. Oder R. Vistula R. Dnieper R. Volga R. Don R. Ebro R. Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Dinaric Alps Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Ural Mts. Mt. Etna ^ Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^ Siberian Lowlands Northern European Plain Steppes Scandinavian Pen. Jutland Pen. Iberian Pen. Crimean Pen. Balkan Pen. Anatolean Pen. Peloponnesian Pen. Italian Pen.

42. 10,000 BCE – Ice Age

43. Norwegian Fjords eGlaciers cut deep valleys in the ocean during the Ice Age. e Glaciers cut deep valleys in the ocean during the Ice Age.

44. Earthquake Zones

45. Reykjavik, Iceland: “The Youngest Oldest Country” e Volcanoes e Hot Springs e Geysers

46. Mediterranean Islands e Generally rugged & mountainous. e Mediterranean Sea so polluted (will take 1000 years to clean up). Sardinia Cyprus Malta

47. Mt. Etna, Sicily e An active volcano

48. Mt. Vesuvius, Italy e 1944 eruption e Pompeii, 79 CE e Herculaneum, 79 CE

50. Eastern Europe

51. Russia’s 10 Time Zones

52. Siberia --> Permafrost eAverage temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C e Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C e 150,000,000 population. e A former “gulag” Soviet prison camp.

53. Lake Baikal, Siberia e The oldest and deepest lake in the world. e 20% of the world’s total unfrozen water supply.

54. Trans-Siberian Railroad e Completed in 1905.

55. Trans-Siberian Railroad  The main line runs 5,785 miles.

57. Europe’s Latitude v. US

58. ClimateClimate

59. Average Annual Precipitation

61. Europe’s Natural Regions

62. The North European Plain

63. The Northern European Plain --> An Invasion Route into Asia (& Vice Versa?)

64. Steppes: “Soviet” Breadbasket

65. The Steppes e 25% of the old Soviet Union’s food supply.

66. Major Regional Divisions of the Former U. S. S. R. Chernozen Soil

67. Germany’s Black Forest

69. Tundra: The Not-So-Barren Land Below the Arctic Circle

70. LandLandUseUseLandLandUseUse LandLandUseUseLandLandUseUse

71. Agricultural Activity

73. RESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCES RESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCES

74. Major Industrial Resources

75. Oil Export Routes in the Caucasus Area

77. Major Environmental Disasters & Pollution Problems

78. Acid Rain

80. World Population by Continents Asia3,737,000,000 Africa823,000,000 Europe729,000,000 North America 486,000,000 South America 351,000,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 31,000,000 Antarctica no permanent population

81. Population Density [People Per Square Mile] Belgium336.82Mexico52.15 Japan336.72 United States 29.77 India336.62World14.42 United Kingdom 244.69Norway14.42 Italy192.96Canada 3.36 France108.09Russia 8.61

82. Population Distribution

83. Population Growth

84. Members of the Indo-European Language Family

85. Major Religious Groups in Europe