1. Bacteria, Viruses and Protists

2. Bacteria What bacteria are? Are they important? One gram of soil can have billions of them

3. Characteristics of bacteria Prokaryote, unicellular Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Small in size (microscopic) A few can be relatively larger

4. Characteristics of bacteria Shape – Bacilli (rod-shaped) – Cocci (spherical) – Spirilla (spiral) Some bacteria have flagella

5. Characteristics of bacteria

6. Bacterial reproduction Binary fission

7. Endospore – Inactive form – Protective function – Regeneration – Found in some bacteria

8. Kingdom Eubacteria Diversity in shapes, functions and interactions Classified by the means of acquiring food – Producers (make their own food) – Consumers (eat other organisms) – Decomposers (feed on dead matter)

9. Kingdom Eubacteria Cyanobacteria – Producers and contain chlorophyll – Usually live in water – Can have other pigments as well

10. Kingdom Archaebacteria Considered to be primitive Mostly in extreme conditions The major types include – Thermophiles (living at high temperature) – Halophiles (living at high salt concentration) – Methanogens (produce methane)

11. Kingdom Archaebacteria

12. Good bacteria Nitrogen fixation

13. Good bacteria Recycling materials Cleaning up

14. Good bacteria Bacteria in foods (yoghurt, cheese etc.) You eat bacteria with your food

15. Good bacteria Making medicines and pharmaceuticals Insulin Industrial products Genetic engineering

16. Bad bacteria Harmful bacteria Pathogenic bacteria (cause diseases) Antibiotics and vaccines Plants (rot, crown gall, spots etc.) Animals and humans (anthrax, tuberculosis, dysentery)

18. Viruses

19. Smaller than bacteria Can cause diseases (obligate parasites) Require a host for reproduction No organelles, can’t break food, can’t function on its own Contain protein and nucleic acid (Classification: DNA or RNA virus) Can infect other living things (bacteria, plants, animals, humans): Flu, polio, AIDS, chicken pox Vaccination to avoid viral infections Different shapes (Crystals, Sphere, Cylinders, Spacecraft) Lytic Cycle:

20. Viruses Are they alive? – Virus is not a cell – No organelles, can’t break food, can’t function on its own – Contain protein and nucleic acid – Require a host for reproduction

21. Viruses

22. Classification – DNA or RNA virus Can infect other living things (bacteria, plants, animals, humans) Flu, polio, AIDS, chicken pox Vaccination

23. Viruses Life cycle – Dormant vs. destructive

24. Protists

25. Members of kingdom Protista Characteristics – Most are single celled, some could have many cells, others live in a colony. All are eukaryotes – Some make their own food, some eat other organisms – Some can move

26. Protists Have many different shapes

27. Protists and their food  Some are producers (contain chlorophyll) autotrophs  Others heterotrophs (decomposers or parasites) o animal like e.g. amoeba, paramecium o Plant like e.g. euglena, chlamydomonas o Fungi like e.g. slime mold

28. Reproduction  Asexually

29. Conjugation (sexual reproduction) Reproduction

30.  Some protists have complex cycles  Plasmodium and malaria

31. Types of protists  Algae (producers – contain pigments) – Green, red, brown algae

32. Types of protists  Diatoms (Photosynthetic)  Euglenoids (Photosynthetic)  Amoeba (Pseudopodia and movement)  Flagellated (contains flagella)  Ciliated (contains cilia)  Slime molds (decomposers)