1. Cow Nutrition and Feeds Cow Nutrition and Feeds

2. Primary consideration when feeding beef cows is: Factors that determine the level of energy that needs to be fed: Factors that determine the level of energy that needs to be fed: 1.Physiological state 2.Size 3.Milk production 4.Weather

3. Primary consideration when feeding beef cows is: 1. Physiological state Breed Maintenance Gestation Lactation % of total annual requirement % of total annual requirement AHx73.87.618.6 Cx74.87.417.8 Jx71.66.621.8 Sx74.96.318.7 X73.87.019.2

4. Production characteristics of breed types differing in mature size & milk production potential Breed Type AHx Cx Jx Sx AHx Cx Jx Sx Wt. Lb. 1131 1258 993 1187 Calf birth wt. Lb. 91.4 97.7 83.4 92.7 Milk yield, Lb2685 2682 3314 3448 Ave. weaning wt. 507 538 518 553

5. ME requirements for different cow genotypes Breed Type AHx Cx Jx Sx AHx Cx Jx Sx Maintenance, Mcal/D 14.1 15.9 14.4 18.2 Gestation Mcal/D 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 16.0 18.0 16.3 20.2 Maintenance, Mcal/D 14.1 15.9 14.4 18.2 Lactation, Mcal/D 8.0 8.7 9.8 10.4 22.1 24.6 24.2 28.6

6. Metabolizable Energy Energy: 1200 Lb Sx

7. Metabolizable Energy Energy: 1100 Lb AHx

8. Estimated milk production

10. ME needs for different cow types when nursing Breed Cross Breed Cross AHx Cx Jx Sx AHx Cx Jx Sx Cow Wt. 1131 1256 993 1187 Milk Yield/D 16.3 16.3 20.1 20.9 Maintenance + Rebreeding, Mcal/D 14.1 15.9 14.4 18.2 Lactation, Mcal/D 8.0 8.7 9.7 10.4 Total, Mcal/D 22.1 24.6 24.2 28.6 Alfalfa-brome hay, lbs 28.5 31.8 31.3 36.9.87 Mcal/#DM

11. Analysis of ration for different cow types when nursing calves Breed Cross Breed Cross AHx Cx Jx Sx AHx Cx Jx Sx Total Energy Mcal/D 22.1 24.6 24.2 28.6 Maximum Dry 26 29 23 27 Matter Intake Energy Density.85.85 1.05 1.06 of Ration Mcal/lb. Hay or Pasture OK OK NO NO Hay / Corn Silage 36/64 50/50 (9.3/36.8) (15.2/33.8) (9.3/36.8) (15.2/33.8) Corn / Hay 29/71 31/69 (7.7/18.3) (9.6/20.9)

12. ME needs for different cow types at peak production Breed Cross Breed Cross AHx Cx Jx Sx AHx Cx Jx Sx Cow Wt. 1131 1256 993 1187 Peak Milk Yield/D 19 22 24 26 Maintenance + 14.1 15.9 14.4 18.2 Rebreeding, Mcal/D Lactation, Mcal/D 9.1 10.6 11.5 12.5 Total, Mcal/D 23.2 26.5 25.9 30.7 Alfalfa-brome hay, lbs 30.0 34.2 33.4 39.6.87 Mcal/#DM

13. Protein requirement – 1100 Lb. cow

14. Calcium & Phosphorus requirement – 1100 Lb. cow