1. THE STONE AGE Respectively Submitted By C. Stephen Ingraham 9/26/05

2. Social Studies Block# ___ Your First & Last Name
Mr. Ingraham & Mrs. Ross Today’s Date
The Stone Age Table of Contents
The Stone Age Song
Vocabulary
Hunters & Gathers
Early Cultures & Societies
Early Farmers
The Effects of Change CSI10

3. THE STONE AGE SONG by Mr. Ingraham 9/26/05
Let’s get together and unite in clans
related groups of families.
Spending all day hunting the land
for fruits, nuts, and any animal we see.
We will migrate with the herds.
Shh! Be Quiet! Pass the word
Together (We might even see a mammoth)
Let’s spread through the world, Yeah, Yeah, Yeah.
Traveling so we can eat is fun.
Out of Africa where it is hot
The equator gets the direct rays of the sun.
Some wander Europe which is fine,
Others across Asia at the same time,
but not together (‘tween glaciers slipping to America)
Forming cultures which uniquely set us apart
Language, customs, beliefs, and art.
Merging of twenty people clans
Cause more organized societies to start.
Dividing up the jobs
Best be doing what you can
working together (We can raise goats and pigs)

4. THE STONE AGE SONG by Mr. Ingraham 9/26/05
Hunting was fun, but not all the time.
Domestication of animals is fine.
Agriculture, or the raising of crops,
Means less hunting and more free time.
No longer nomads on the run,
We can subsist and have some fun,
Together (Growing barley, wheat, and maise)
Together in the Stone Age!!! Yeah.
Sung to Disney’s “Let’s get Together”.

5. Social Studies Block# ___ Your First & Last Name
Mr. Ingraham & Mrs. Ross Today’s Date
The Stone Age Vocabulary
Clans - groups of related families (20)
migration - movement of (earliest) people
Ice Age - long periods of cold-weather forming huge glaciers.
Tundra -large, treeless arctic plains
Culture - A human society’s traditions, behavior patterns, art, knowledge, and religious beliefs
Artifacts - discovered objects made by early peoples
Society - an organized group living & working under rules & traditions
Division of labor - different members doing different tasks
Domesticate - to control nature for peoples use
agriculture - the raising of domesticated plants and animals.
Environment - surroundings
subsist - to live, to survive CSI10

6. THE STONE AGE Hunters & Gathers A. Earliest Humans 1. Lived in Africa
2. Moved in hunting groups & gathered food to survive
3. Migration, or movement
Slowly wandered into Asia, Europe, Australia, North &
South America.
B. Getting Food
1. Experience taught them the consequences, or effects of
eating certain animals or plants.
2. Clans – united groups of related families.
3. Cooperated for basic needs of 20 people
a. food – hunted large animal: giant oxen,
woolly rhinoceroses, & mammoth.
b. clothing
c. shelter – animal hides (movable)
seasonal camps following animals & sources of
plentiful food.
4. Migration, or movement from one place to the next meant the
Clan would find enough to eat.

7. 200,000 years ago C. Spreading Through the World Africa
Earliest Humans in the Rift Valley
200,000 years ago

8. Human Migration Begins
100,000 years ago

9. Middle East
60,000 years ago

10. Asia
Europe
50,000 years ago

12. Australia
40,000 years ago

13. 25,000 years ago 1. The last Ice Age or long
North
America
1. The last Ice Age or long
cold-weather period, lowers
the Sea Level and humans
cross the land bridge called
Beringia to North America.

14. 25,000 years ago 2. Glaciers, or large moving ice
North
America
2. Glaciers, or large moving ice
sheets wore down the land into
huge areas of tundra, or large
treeless plains in the Artic regions.
25,000 years ago

15. South
America
12,000 years ago

16. Humans have now
populated the entire
Planet Earth.

17. Tigris-Euphrates Valley
Huang He Valley
Middle America
Nile Valley
Indus Valley
Andean

18. D. Early Cultures And Societies
1. All were Hunters & Gathers
2. People in different areas develop their own culture,
or unique way of life.
a. different clothing
b. different shelters
c. different art
d. different beliefs
e. different customs
f. different language
3. Artifacts- are objects early people made and left behind.
4. These unique differences help early peoples become
a society, or an organized group living and working under
an established set or rules and traditions.
5. Clans merge and grow in size ( members) and then
begins the Division of Labor –different members do different
tasks based on their abilities and the needs of the clan.
6. Clan members have a role, a part (or job) to do to help society.

19. II. Early Farmers. A. Controlling Nature
1. Larger (clans) societies could not depend on hunting &
gathering for their basic needs.
2. About 10,000 years ago they began to shift from collecting
food to producing food.
3. Domesticate or control nature for people’s use
a. Women (gathers) noticed seeds thrown away grew
into plants the following year.
b. they learned to scatter (plant) seeds.
c. eventually stone age people became less
dependent on wild plants and began to depend on
the crops they grew.
4. Economy – The way people use resources to meet their needs,
became based mainly on crops grown
a. Growing crops meant staying in one place.
b. Hunting became less important as societies began
raising livestock (domesticated cattle sheep, & pigs)
c. Nomads – people who move with cattle from
place to place to find pasture and water.

20. B. Effects of Change
1. Agriculture – the raising of domesticated plants and animals.
Benefits
a. Reliable food source.
b. increased production of food..
c. more complex societies / division of labor.
Problems
d. More food needed for the animal.
e. drought & insects killed crops & livestock.
f. wars – farmland needed protecting
2. Effects on Environment – surroundings
a. clearing pastures drove away the once hunted
wild animals
b. many wild plants disappeared.

21. b. c. e. a. c. d. Diversity in Early Agriculture
1. Different places develop differently
a. Nile Valley (Egypt) grew wheat, barley, flax, & raised sheep, goats, & pigs
b. Tigris & Euphrates Valley grew wheat, barley, flax & raised sheep & goat
c. Indus & Huang He Valleys grew rice, millet, & raised pigs, chickens &
water buffalo
d. Andean & Bolivian grew beans, chili peppers, & potatoes
e. Central or Middle America grew squash, gourds, guavas, & maise (corn).
Subsist- live or survive.
Nile Valley
Tigris-Euphrates Valley
Indus Valley
Huang He Valley
Middle America
Andean b. c. e. a. c. d.