1. C 28 ”superatom” analogue of sp 3 carbon atom Suggests T d C 28 H 4 Nature 329 529 (1987) Support U @ C 28 U tetravalent (Smalley and coworkers) C 28 H 4 Sussex NNC

2. ©

4. C 32

5. C 28 Sussex NNC

10. C 24

11. Sussex NNC No C 22 closed cage is possible!

12. Sussex NNC C 20

15. C 28 H 4

16. C 50 Cl 10 was isolated in 2004

19. C 28 H 4

21. C 28

23. Moses Gomberg’s Free Radical (1901) triphenyl methyl CPh 3 -CPh 3 ⇄. CPh 3 +. CPh 3

24. Moses Gomberg’s Free Radical (1901) triphenyl methyl CPh 3 -CPh 3 ⇄. CPh 3 +. CPh 3

25. “I wish to reserve this field for myself” Moses Gomberg 1901

26. Exxon Data Cox et al JACS 110 1588 (1988) Sussex NNC Assignment

27. Moses Gomberg’s Free Radical (1901) triphenyl methyl CPh 3 -CPh 3 ⇄. CPh 3 +. CPh 3

28. Moses Gomberg’s Free Radical (1901) triphenyl methyl CPh 3 -CPh 3 ⇄. CPh 3 +. CPh 3

29. “I wish to reserve this field for myself” Moses Gomberg 1901

31. C 11 + 4n+2 rule (4n+3)-1 rule yields 11, 15, 19, 23 C 15 + C 19 + C 23 +

32. Mass spectrum of carbon in which C 60 and C 70 were first recognised as special Sussex NNC Rice

33. Sussex NNC Rice

34. ©

35. David Jones in a fun article published under the pseudonym of Daedalus in the New Scientist (1966) pointed out that a sheet of hexagons no matter how large could only close if there were exactly 12 pentagons interspersed

36. © The Pentagon Isolation Rule (PIR) C 60 is the smallest fullerene that can avoid abutting pentagons

37. Sussex NNC In 1986 the PIR also explained the strength of C 70 as C 62, C 64, C 66 and C 68 must have abutting pentagons

38. Sussex NNC In 1986 the PIR also explained the strength of C 70 as C 62, C 64, C 66 and C 68 must have abutting pentagons

39. Mass spectrum of carbon in which C 60 and C 70 were first recognised as special Sussex NNC Rice C 70

40. Mass spectrum of carbon in which C 60 and C 70 were first recognised as special Sussex NNC Rice C 50 C 40 C 32

41. Exxon Data Cox et al JACS 110 1588 (1988) Sussex NNC Assignment

42. Exxon Data Cox et al JACS 110 1588 (1988) C 20 ? Sussex NNC Assignment

43. C 28 ”superatom” analogue of sp 3 carbon atom Suggests T d C 28 H 4 Nature 329 529 (1987) Support U @ C 28 U tetravalent (Smalley and coworkers) C 28 H 4 Sussex NNC

44. NB – Paquette’s Group had synthesised Dodecahedrane C 20 H 20 in 1982, three years before the discovery of C 60 With hindsight C 20 H 20 can be recognised as the fully hydrogenated derivative of C 20 the smallest possible and least stable fullerene

46. Kroto and Walton Chem Phys Letts 1993 C 24 H 12

47. C 32 H 2

48. C 36 H 12

49. C 50 H 10 predicted to be stable 1993

50. Sussex NNC The Oddfellas ?

51. C 20 ? Sussex NNC

52. C 20 ? Sussex NNC

54. NB – Paquette’s Group had synthesised Dodecahedrane C 20 H 20 in 1982, three years before the discovery of C 60 With hindsight C 20 H 20 can be recognised as the fully hydrogenated derivative of C 20 the smallest possible and least stable fullerene

55. NB – Paquette’s Group had synthesised Dodecahedrane C 20 H 20 in 1982, three years before the discovery of C 60 With hindsight C 20 H 20 can be recognised as the fully hydrogenated derivative of C 20 the smallest possible and least stable fullerene

56. Moses Gomberg’s Free Radical (1901) triphenyl methyl CPh 3 -CPh 3 ⇄. CPh 3 +. CPh 3

57. C 50 H 10

59. Sussex NNC Rice

60. Sussex NNC

61. Exxon Data Cox et al JACS 110 1588 (1988) Sussex NNC Assignment

62. Exxon Data Cox et al JACS 110 1588 (1988) Sussex NNC Assignment

63. BuckyWorld ©

65. Sussex NNC