1. Kick off September 25, 2013 Define: - Medieval (362) - Christendom (363) - Abbot (364) - Benedictine Rule (364) - Monasticism (363)

2.  How do religions spread?  How does religion impact a society? Early Middle Ages

3.  England, 400s – Angles and Saxons establish kingdoms  Converted to Christianity in the 500s by Augustine of Canterbury  Alfred the Great (ruler of England) pushed the Danes out of England  Reorganized army, issued codes of law, improved finances, established schools  Gaul (France today) – Franks  Convert to Christianity New Kingdoms in Europe

4. If you found something that you love, what would you do?

5.  Christianity offers comfort, promise of happy afterlife, sense of community  Missionaries  Augustine of Canterbury, Patrick (Ireland)  Gregory the Great  Pope became one of the most influential figures in Europe  Augustine of Hippo  City of God  God did not abandon Rome! Christendom

6. Monks and Monasteries, p. 364 - 365 BENEDICTINESCELTIC MONASTERIES

7. BenedictinesCeltic Monasteries - Most common form in Europe - Based on writings of Benedict of Nursia (Italy 500s) - Benedictine Rule - Benedict was first abbot, or leader - Vows of poverty and obedience - Prayer and labor - Farm work and copying manuscripts (preserved knowledge of Greece and Rome) - No central authority; each monastery run by abbot chosen by the monks or by a noble (independent) - Monks ran schools - Centers of wealth and power, as kings and nobles donated money or gifts in exchange for prayers - Wealth led monasteries to become involved in politics as advisers and aides - Ireland - More severe than Benedictines - Long fasts and spent days in solitary contemplation - Monasteries built on small islands far offshore to separate monks from society (stay focused on faith) - Led by abbots - Celtic abbots had more power than Benedictine abbots - Lindisfarne monastery - Scholars, ran schools - Active missionaries - Spread Christianity to British Isles, France and Germany

8. Charlemagne’s Empire

9. Carolingians

10. Charles Martel Pippin IIICharlemagne Carolingians Charles Martel – political adviser and war leader for Frankish king Pippin III – first king in the family Charlemagne – military power, king of the Franks and Lombards, Emperor of the Roman People

11.  Education  Religion  Convert to Christianity, or be put to death  Law  Recorded laws  New laws based on Christian teachings A New Society

12.  Vikings  Northern Europe  Sailors  Viking Raids – looting, selling people into slavery  Leif Eriksson discovered N. America, 1000s  Magyars  Central Asia, nomadic  Horses  Muslims Invaders

13. 1. What do you think caused the political boundaries in western Europe to change between 815 and 1215?

14. 1. Territories merged together or were taken over by other leaders and were unified as kingdoms and empires.

15. 2. What do you think happened during the Middle Ages to allow Christianity to spread so far in such a short period of time?

16. 2. More territory was conquered, allowing for Christianity to spread quickly.

17. Homework Define the following vocabulary words on your index cards. Muhammad (258) Muhammad (258) Qur’an (259) Qur’an (259) Five Pillars of Islam (259) Five Pillars of Islam (259) Mosque (260) Mosque (260) Jihad (260) Jihad (260) Caliph (263) Caliph (263) Caliphate (263) Caliphate (263) Sunnis (263) Sunnis (263) Shia (264) Shia (264) Minarets (274) Minarets (274) Cornell Notes - pages 257 – 261.