1. Lawrence H. Landweber National Science Foundation SC2003 November 20, 2003 landweber@aol.com

2. QUESTION 2

3. Future Cyberinfrastructure Built on broadly accessible, highly capable network: 100’s of Tbps backbones; Significant distributed and varied computing resources: 100’s of petaflops in aggregate; Significant storage capacity: exabyte collections common; Allows wide range of sensors/effectors to be connected: sensor nets of millions of elements attached; Contains a broad variety of intelligent visualization, search, database, programming and other services that are fitted to specific disciplines The ETF or Extensible Terascale Facility is an early prototype

4. Technical Challenges How to build the components? Networks, processors, storage devices, sensors, software How to shape the technical architecture? Pervasive, many cyberinfrastructures, constantly evolving/changing capabilities How to customize CI to particular S&E domains

5. Shared vs. Special Networks Determine application’s networking requirements including tradeoffs (e.g., cost vs. full or approximate satisfaction of requirements). Determine whether requirements can be satisfied (modulo tradeoffs) on shared network. If not, determine characteristics of network that would satisfy application's requirements. Use an available network with these characteristics. If no such network available, –map characteristics to a network technology and –implement the target network or some acceptable approximation. These are hard problems, not easily answerable for complex applications and networks.

6. Research Opportunities Develop methodology for mapping applications to required networks or approximations of networks. Important because not all apps need (or can financially justify) special networks. Selecting the target network is not easy. There are research opportunities in this area for collaboration between mathematicians, computer scientists and scientists.

7. QUESTION 5

8. Next Generation Network Projects NSF: ITR Projects –OptIPuter –100 Mbps to 100 Million Homes NSF: Extensible Terascale Facility National Lambda Rail

9. 100 Mbps to 100 Million Homes NSF Funded Research Project (10/03) - $7.5M Stanford, Berkeley, CMU, Rice, Fraser Research, Internet2 Scope –Economics –Access –Metropolitan area –Backbone –Protocols Requires a redesign of the access, metropolitan and backbone networks of the Internet Applications?

10. Resource providers (currently 8) –Cycles, storage, instruments High speed IP interconnect –Hubs in Chicago and Atlanta –Links are multiples of 10Gbps –Reserve dedicated paths for apps –Management strategies being discussed Operational - 2004 Extensible Terascale Facility

11. 2010 Shared networks for most applications Ability to configure special networks to serve applications Dynamically schedulable networks –Depends on progress in optical switching and associated management/control –Eventually in real-time