1. COMBINING SOURCES

2. According to Giallombardo (1966), women alleviated the pains of imprisonment by developing kinship links with other inmates. Similarly, Heffernan (1972) found that adaptation to prison was facilitated by the creation of a pseudo-family. Owen (1998) also notes that the female subculture is based on personal relationships with other women inmates. Others, however, believe that the subculture in women’s prisons is undergoing a gradual shift that more closely resembles that of male prisons. Fox (1982) states, for example, that the cooperative caring prison community that has embodied characterizations of female prisons has evolved into a more dangerous and competitive climate.

3. Now read Source A and Source B on genetic modification (GM) and complete the extract which combines the two sources.

4. It has been claimed that GM technology is no different from breeding techniques which have been practised by man for thousands of years. Source A states that this process is similar to natural selection and remarks: ‘such procedures are now labelled “interfering with nature” ‘. On the other hand Source B considers that, although GM technology could bring considerable benefits in medicine and agriculture, it is quite different to traditional processes of selection. He believes that crossing the species barrier is a dangerous step and that there is insufficient knowledge of the long-term results of such developments.

6. Marriage 1."A man is only as faithful as his opportunity." (Chris Rock) 2."Any intelligent woman who reads the marriage contract, and then goes into it, deserves all the consequences." (Isadora Duncan) 3."Bigamy is having one wife too many. Monogamy is the same." (Oscar Wilde) 4."I don't think it's the nature of any man to be monogamous. Men are propelled by genetically ordained impulses over which they have no control to distribute their seed." (Marlon Brando) 5."It is not a lack of love, but a lack of friendship that makes unhappy marriages." (Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche) 6."The easiest kind of relationship is with ten thousand people, the hardest is with one." (Joan Baez) 7."When a girl marries, she exchanges the attentions of all the other men of her acquaintance for the inattention of just one." (Helen Rowland)

7. Many men make excuses for being unfaithful, but some give detailed reasons. The actor Marlon Brando accounts for male infidelity with a scientific explanation. He argues that since men are genetically ordained to spread their seed, it is against nature for them to be monogamous. For Oscar Wilde, monogamy is “one wife too many” and therefore simply a waste of time, while Chris Rock questions whether faithfulness really exists at all among men. He claims that “a man is only as faithful as his opportunity”, meaning basically that if a man has the chance to cheat, he will.

8. Education 1."Education is a vaccine for violence." (Edward James Olmos)Edward James Olmos 2."Education must have an end in view, for it is not an end in itself." (Sybil Marshall)Sybil Marshall 3."Genius without education is like silver in the mine." (Benjamin Franklin)Benjamin Franklin 4."He who can, does. He who cannot, teaches." (George Bernard Shaw)George Bernard Shaw 5."I hear, I know. I see, I remember. I do, I understand." (Confucius, 551 BC-479)Confucius 6."I've never let my school interfere with my education." (Mark Twain)Mark Twain 7."If you hold a cat by the tail you learn things you cannot learn any other way." (Mark Twain)Mark Twain 8."No one wants a good education. Everyone wants a good degree." (Lee Rudolph)Lee Rudolph 9."In large states public education will always be mediocre, for the same reason that in large kitchens the cooking is usually bad." (Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche)Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche 10."You are rewarding a teacher poorly if you remain always a pupil." (Friedrich Wilhelm NietzscheFriedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche