2. Chapter 6 Outlining Your Speech
Presentation Package Prepared By:
Erin E. Baird
University of Oklahoma
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3. Overview WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF AN OUTLINE?
HOW CAN YOU CREATE AN EFFECTIVE OUTLINE?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF OUTLINES?
WHAT CAN YOU USE TO LINK YOUR SPEECH PARTS TOGETHER?
HOW DO YOU CITE SOURCES IN AN OUTLINE?
HOW DO YOU CREATE A SOURCE PAGE?

4. What Are the Parts of an Outline?
Photo Credit: © Uladzimir Bakunovich

5. GRAB THE AUDIENCE'S ATTENTION
Introduction
GRAB THE AUDIENCE'S ATTENTION
<<CLICK>> The introduction is the opening to grab the audience's attention and focus on the topic

6. Body
Logical jump
<<CLICK>> The body contains the central portion of the speech
<<CLICK>> Main points are the essential ideas you must cover or the main claims you wish to make, and they directly relate to your central idea. Most speeches have between two and five.
<<CLICK>> Subpoints offer information to support and relate back to the main point
<<CLICK>> Links make a logical jump between two places in your speech
6-6
DK Guide to Public Speaking, Second Edition
Lisa A. Ford-Brown
Copyright © 2014, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved

7. RESTATE IDEAS AND "WOW" THE AUDIENCE
Conclusion
<<CLICK>> The conclusion ends your speech and takes one last moment to reinforce your main ideas as well as "wow" your audience
RESTATE IDEAS AND "WOW" THE AUDIENCE

8. Source Page
A source page will be included at the end of your preparation outline
APA or MLA
<<CLICK>> Just as you do for a formal paper, you need to create a page of sources used in your speech
<<CLICK>> Use either APA or MLA format
Instructor Note: Discuss your course's required style guide

9. How Can You Create an Effective Outline?
Photo Credit: © Lisa F. Young/Fotolia

10. Record
Include the topic, specific purpose, and central idea at the top
This will help you create the rest of the outline
<<CLICK>> Record the topic, specific purpose, and central idea
<<CLICK>> This will help you keep these elements at the forefront of your mind

11. Use Full Sentences INCORRECT I. The beginning of football CORRECT
Full sentences force you to think in complete thoughts and will help you learn the speech, as well as gauge its length.
<<CLICK>> Incorrect example.
<<CLICK>> Correct example.
Text Credit: Jeff Barringer
CORRECT
I. The game of football has come a
long way since its beginnings.

12. Cover One Issue at a Time
The City of Jackson needs to
institute a plan to decrease
the number of pigeons that
infest it each year, breeding
everywhere and roosting on
buildings, because they
spread diseases to humans
and other animals and
contaminate our waterways.
The pigeons . . .
INCORRECT
The City of Jackson needs to
institute a plan to decrease the
number of pigeons.
A. Each year, thousands of
pigeons flock to the city.
1. They breed everywhere.
2. They roost on many buildings.
B. Pigeons spread disease.
1. They carry germs that affect
humans.
2. They carry germs that affect
animals.
3. They can contaminate our
waterways.
This keeps the speech simple enough for delivery and will keep you from writing the speech as a manuscript.
<<CLICK>> Incorrect example.
<<CLICK>> Correct example.
Text Credit: Lisa A. Ford-Brown, Published by Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ
CORRECT

13. Develop the Introduction and Conclusion
Avoid improvising, which may lead to increased anxiety
After you create the body of the speech
Most instructors suggest creating your introduction and conclusion
<<CLICK>> after you create the body of the speech
<<CLICK>> to avoid improvising and increasing your anxiety level.

14. Use Correct Outline Format
DISTINGUISHING MAIN POINTS
PATTERN OF SYMBOLS
Use Roman numerals to distinguish the main points
Use a consistent pattern of symbols after that

15. Use Correct Outline Format
SUB-POINTS
ALIGNMENT OF POINTS
Alignment of points in your outline
Each new division should be indented to separate it

16. Use Balanced Main Points
Each main point should coordinate with the others
Each main point should coordinate with the others.
Discussion Question: Why are these main points considered balanced?
Text Credit: Jeff Barringer

17. Employ Subordination Check sub points for subordination
The City of Jackson needs to
institute a plan to decrease the
number of pigeons.
A. Each year, thousands of
pigeons flock to the city.
Test connections between the main point and sub-points
<<CLICK>> Any statement that comes under a point must not be equal to or of greater importance than the point directly above it
<<CLICK>> An easy test for this is to read the main point and then mentally insert "because," "since," or "for," and then read the subpoint, if doing so makes a logical connection then the subpoint is subordinate
Text Credit: Lisa A. Ford-Brown, Published by Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

18. Plan Out Formal Links Include links between major parts of the speech
Formal links help make transitions less jarring
Now that we understand the formation of the National Football League, let's look at the structure of the NFL today.
Text Credit: Jeff Barringer

19. Use Proper Citations In-text citations (ex: MLA style)
Or incorporate citations into text
<<CLICK>> example, MLA style = parenthetical citations
<<CLICK>> Incorporating citations is helpful for beginning speakers and need to follow the instructor's preferences
Text Credit: Jeff Barringer

20. What Are the Different Types of Outlines?
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21. The Working Outline
Formulate and record topic, specific purpose and central idea of speech
Create your potential main points as questions
Working outlines are usually a handwritten attempt to organize your thoughts as you progress through the early stages of creating a speech.
<<CLICK>> Formulate and record your topic, general purpose, specific purpose, and central idea.
<<CLICK>> Create your potential main points as questions during this stage.
Text Credit: Brianna Hickman

22. The Preparation Outline
Longer and more detailed that working outlines
Helps you give your speech the proper time, effort, and thought
Strict formatting required
Preparation outlines are known as full sentence outlines because they are much longer and more detailed than working outlines
Typed - Double spaced - Formatted in a specific and consistent way - Handed in prior to or on the day of your presentation

23. The Delivery Outline
Maintains tight structure of speech, but eliminates most details
Create and use this outline early on in your speech rehearsal
Has delivery and presentation cues
Delivery outlines are those used by the speaker during the speech
They usually have delivery and presentation hints highlighted at key points during the speech
Text credit: Brianna Hickman

24. What Can You Use to Link Your Speech Parts Together?
Photo Credit: © Helen Sessions / Alamy

25. Transitions TIME TRANSITIONS
What can you use to link your speech parts together?
Transitions: A word or phrase signaling movement from one point to another.
Specific types of transitions include: time transitions…

26. VIEWPOINT TRANSITIONS

27. CONNECTING TRANSITIONS
… connective transitions…

28. CONCLUDING TRANSITIONS
… and concluding transitions.

29. Signposts Above all, remember… First… second… third…
Argument #1… Argument #2… Argument #3…
My first reason… My second reason…
Signposts are works or phrases that signal to the audience where they are in order of related thoughts
For example, first, second, next, last, etc.
Above all, remember…

30. Internal Previews
Internal previews are like mini introductions and look like detailed signposts, telling where you are going in the speech.

31. Internal Reviews
Internal reviews, also known as internal summaries, are like mini-conclusions. They summarize where you've been in the speech.

32. Combine internal previews or reviews with a transition
Often, you can combine internal previews or reviews with a transition.

33. How Do You Cite Sources in Your Outline?
Photo Credit: © Fancy /Alamy

34. MLA Citations "...can help you save time and money" (Smith 345).
ONE AUTHOR, PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
According to Smith's article in the November issue of… (345).
ONE AUTHOR, IN-TEXT CITATION:

35. MLA Citations (Wilson et al. 85) (Smith, Baker, and Jones 456)
MORE THAN 3 AUTHORS:
(Wilson et al. 85)
2 TO 3 AUTHORS, PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(Smith, Baker, and Jones 456)
NO PAGE NUMBER AVAILABLE:
(Food and Drug Administration)

36. CORPORATE OR GROUP AUTHORS:
MLA Citations
NO AUTHOR IDENTIFIED:
Begin with the first few words of the source on the source page (usually the title):
"Only 10 percent polled agreed" ("Politics Today" 45).
The name of the group serves as the author: (Food and Drug Administration 123)
CORPORATE OR GROUP AUTHORS:

37. APA Citations "...can help you save time and money" (Smith, 2010).
ONE AUTHOR, PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
According to Smith (2010), you can…
ONE AUTHOR, IN-TEXT CITATION:

38. 2 TO 6 AUTHORS, PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
APA Citations
MORE THAN 6 AUTHORS:
(Wilson et al., 2008)
2 TO 6 AUTHORS, PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
(Smith, Baker, & Jones, 2012)
NO DATE AVAILABLE:
(Food and Drug Administration, n.d.)

39. CORPORATE OR GROUP AUTHORS:
APA Citations
NO AUTHOR IDENTIFIED:
Begin with the first few words of the source on the source page (usually the title):
"Only 10 percent polled agreed" ("Politics Today," 2012).
The name of the group serves as the author: (Food and Drug Administration, 2013)
CORPORATE OR GROUP AUTHORS:

40. 2 TO 6 AUTHORS, IN-TEXT CITATION:
APA Citations
2 TO 6 AUTHORS, IN-TEXT CITATION:
Smith, Baker, and Jones (2012) found that the people agreed with the candidate.

41. How Do You Create a Source Page?
Photo Credit: © WavebreakmediaMicro/Fotolia

42. Follow the Overall Format Requirements
MLA: Works Cited
APA: References
Your source page title depends on the style manual you use:
MLA = Works Cited
APA = References

43. Create Proper Entries For Each Source
Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God.
New York: Harper, Print.
Book in MLA Style
Hurston, Z. N. (1990). Their eyes were watching God.
New York, NY: Harper & Row.
There are differences in MLA and APA citations so you will need to look at the style manuals:
<<CLICK>> A book example in MLA style
<<CLICK>> The same book in APA style
The styles are not interchangeable.
Book in APA Style 43

44. Click on the screenshot to view a video of a speech.
Speech Video
Watch the speaker as she transitions between points. How did she attempt to link the points together? What could she have done differently?
Click on the screenshot to view a video of a speech. 44

45. "Additionally, corn is used for fuel" is an example of…
What Do You Think?
A time transition
A viewpoint transition
A connective transition
A concluding transition
<<CLICK>> for answer: C
Connective transitions simply unite related thoughts

46. The delivery outline should include:
What Do You Think?
The delivery outline should include:
A lot of detail
Movement cues
Sources in APA or MLA format
Vocal cues
Both B & D
<<CLICK>> for answer:
E: B&D, movement and vocal cues
Delivery outlines should not have a lot of detail or have formatted sources. They should have delivery and presentation cues to aid you during the speech.

47. What are the parts of an outline?
Review Question
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Source Page
<<CLICK>> for answer
See pp

48. How can you create an effective outline?
Review Question
Record the topic, specific purpose, and central idea
Full sentences
One issue at a time
Create introduction and conclusion
Use correct style format
Balance main points
Subordination
Formal links
Proper citations
<<CLICK>>Record the topic, specific purpose, and central idea
<<CLICK>>Full sentences
<<CLICK>>One issue at a time
<<CLICK>>Create introduction and conclusion
<<CLICK>>Use correct style format
<<CLICK>>Balance main points
<<CLICK>>Subordination
<<CLICK>>Formal links
<<CLICK>>Proper citations
See pp

49. What are the different types of outlines?
Review Question
Working outline
Preparation outline
Delivery outline
<<CLICK>> A working outline is rough and handwritten
<<CLICK>> A preparation outline is a full-sentence, complete outline
<<CLICK>> A delivery outline maintains the tight structure and includes delivery notes
See pp

50. What can you use to link your speech parts together?
Review Question
Transitions
Signposts
Internal previews
Internal reviews
<<CLICK>> Transitions
<<CLICK>> Signposts
<<CLICK>> Internal previews
<<CLICK>> Internal reviews
See pp

51. How do you cite sources in your outline?
Review Question
Follow the appropriate style manual
Cite sources within the outline
Incorporate sources within the text
<<CLICK>> Follow the appropriate style manual
<<CLICK>> Cite sources within the outline
<<CLICK>> Incorporate sources within the text
See pp

52. How do you create a source page?
Review Question
Follow the appropriate style manual
Create a proper entry for each source
Double-space
<<CLICK>>Follow the appropriate style manual
<<CLICK>>Create a proper entry for each source
<<CLICK>>Double-space
See pp