1. Fundamentals of Genetics Chapter 9

2. Background Information Genetics is a field in biology that deals with how characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring Gregor Johann Mendel founded this study

3. Gregor In 1842 at the age of 21 Gregor Mendel lived at a monastery in Brunn Austria In 1851 he moved the U. of Vienna He researched heredity (traits transferred from parents to offspring)

4. Mendel cont. He worked primarily with garden peas (Pisum sativum) He worked with plants that each had two contrasting traits

5. Copy Traits

6. Parts of the Flower

7. Pollination Mendel controlled how plants were pollinated Mendel transferred pollen from the male anther to the female stigma

8. Self vs. Cross Pollination Self- When pollen is transferred to the stigma on the same flower Cross- Pollinating the pistil of a different flower either on the same plant or a different plant

9. His Experiments 1 st started growing plants that were pure for each of the 7 traits Plant’s that are pure produce offspring with only the same trait Eventually he had 14 strains Each strain was called the parent generation (P 1 generation)

10. Experiments cont. He then cross-pollinated plants for the same charecteristic (yellow pods with a green pods). He did this by dusting the anther on the stigma of the other plant

11. Experiments cont. The offspring plants were called first filial generation or the F 1 generation He recorded what plant was made (green or yellow) These new plants self pollinated and made the F 2 generation 100’s of crosses later and a lot of documentation gave us this 

12. Mendel’s Crosses Data

13. Recessive vs. Dominant The trait found on the offspring in the 1 st filial generation was the dominant trait The trait that came ¼ of the time on the 2 nd filial was recessive