1. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 1 2 nd Workshop Rennes November, 28 th – 30 th 2001

2. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 2 WP 1, Deliverables WP 1: Waste matter aspects: Characterisation, Standards, Data processing Deliverable 1: Methods to determine waste composition. Model for waste generation. Waste generation and composition for the 3 case studies. Deliverable 2: Report containing guidelines for the definition of the system, the subsystems and the processes MFA-Manual: Includes Deliverable 1 and 2

3. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 3 MFA Manual TABLE OF CONTENT 1.Purpose of this manual: objectives 2.Introduction to MFA: history 3.The methodology of MFA: definitions, procedures, results 4.Application of MFA in waste management 5.Case studies: MSW composition, thermal treatment, biological treatment, landfill 6.System Analysis Project AWAST: boundary, modeling, definitions

4. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 4 Purpose of the MFA Manual The objectives of the MFA-Manual are to determine and provide the project partners with: a rigid methodology to establish mass balances a basic, common terminology waste characterisation methods MFA case studies system analysis of MSW management

5. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 5 History of MFA 17 th Cent., MD Santorio Santorio : 17 th Cent., MD Santorio Santorio : examination of human metabolism, discovers invisible excrements 1969, Ayres, Kneese: 1969, Ayres, Kneese: suggest the use of mass balances to supervise economy and to prevent pollution Beginning 70s, Statistical Commission UN: Beginning 70s, Statistical Commission UN: development of a system of statistic elements for environmental monitoring90s: “Industrial Metabolism” - models of natural metabolism

6. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 6 Applications of MFA Material balances of cities (e.g. Bruxells, Hong Kong) Material balances of regions and countries to identify and locate resources and/or pollutants (France, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland) Investigation of historic pollutions and derivation of effects for the future (USA, Sweden) Waste management: forcasting, planning of measures (starting point, priority and efficiency) and monitoring Integration in technical standards and legislation (BAWP, NRW)

7. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 7 MFA Manual – Objectives of WM (1) Prevention or reduction of waste production Prevention or reduction of harmfulness of waste Conservation of natural resources Recovery of waste or use of waste as a source of energy Waste recovery or disposal without endangering human health and without harming the environment Self-sufficiency of the Community in waste disposal from the amended directive on waste (91/156/EEC,1991)

8. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 8 MFA Manual – Objectives of WM (2) Objectives of the Directive on Waste (Directive 91/156/EEC, 1991) Assessment through MFA 1. Reduction of wasteBalances of goods 2. Reduction of harmfulness of waste Balances of pollutants 3. Conservation of natural resourcesBalances of raw materials 4. Recovery of wasteBalances of raw materials 5. Protection of human health and environment Balances of pollutants 6. Disposal network Balances of goods (waste)

9. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 9 Purpose of the Case Studies Demonstrate the use of MFA Help the partners involved in channel dedicated workpackages (WP4, WP5, WP6) Supply examples of system analysis for waste treatment plants Supply data (transfer coefficients) for selected treatment plants

10. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 10 Case Study MBT Wide range of different types: Mechanical treatment, anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment. Definition of MBT (Austrian landfill directive): Pretreatment of waste by using a combination of mechanical and biological processes MT: separating of hardly biodegradable, harmful goods BT: best decomposition of organic matter by aerobic or anaerobic-aerobic treatment Explicit decrease of volume, water content and gas formation Explicit improvement in leaching and settlement

11. Projekt: AWAST (2 nd Workshop) Daxbeck Hans, Smutny Roman, Neumayer Stefan 11 Levels of the system AWAST Level 1 - Overview level Easy comprehensible and clear picture High aggregation of system parts (processes and goods) Level-1 processes = Subsystems containing level-2 processes Level 2 - Link level Connection between level 1 and level 3 Connection between workpackages (e.g. WP5 = process “biological treatment) Level 3 - Data level Most detailed level Structure for data input. Possible to add new processes (e.g. for new or alternative waste treatment technologies) or to delete processes (if they are not needed) in this level.