1. Objective 14.02 Use agricultural mechanics hand tools properly

2. Hammers Hold handle near the end away from hammer head to improve accuracy and leverage Large nails require the use of a heavier hammer. Using nails is the fastest, but weakest method

3. Nails Common nails are used in most construction Finishing nails should be used when the head needs to be set below the surface of the wood such as in furniture

4. Measuring and Marking Tools “Measure twice, cut once” reduces wasted time and materials Most wood measuring tools are divided into 1/16” The chalk line should be stretched tight and snapped in the middle to mark an accurate long line

5. Measuring and Marking Tools A scratch awl, file, or scriber can be used to mark a scratch on metal Soapstone is used to mark metal without leaving a permanent scratch

6. Metal Cutting Tools Files-since files only cut on the forward stroke, pressure should be reduced on the backstroke Hacksaws-teeth should point away from the handle because most cutting is done on forward strokes Taps and dies-when used to cut threads in metal, oil should be used for lubrication

7. Screwdrivers Use the correct size and type for the job A heavy duty screwdrivers have a square shank so that a wrench can be used to help remove large screws.

8. Saws Do not saw out the marked line because board will be too small if it was measured and marked accurately –Saw on waste side of mark Hand crosscut saw is used to cut off ends of boards across the grain

9. Saws Coping saw: has a narrow, thin blade that can be removed and inserted in a hole to saw out a hole in the middle of a board. Can be used to cope molding and to saw curves.

10. Squares Handle should be held firmly against edge of board The combination square can be used as a miter square, plumb bob, level, depth gauge, marking gauge and inside and outside try square. A framing square has rafter tables

11. Sanding Sand with the grain and use fine or very fine sandpaper to prevent scratches Coarse sandpaper is used to remove large amounts of wood when sanding, but it leaves scratches in the wood.