2. 1914-1918: The World at War 1914-1918: The World at War By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

3. Causes of the War

4. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

5. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

6. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

7. Europe in 1914

8. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

9. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

10. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

11. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

12. The “ Spark ”

13. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

14. The Assassination: Sarajevo

15. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

16. Who’s To Blame?

17. The Schlieffen Plan

19. Women and the War Effort

20. Financing the War

21. For Recruitment

22. Red Cross Nurses

23. The Western Front: A “ War of Attrition ”

24. A Multi-Front War

25. The Western Front

26. Trench Warfare

27. “No Man’s Land”

28. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

29. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

30. War Is HELL !!

31. Sacrifices in War

32. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

33. The Eastern Front

34. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

35. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

36. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

37. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

38. The Tsar with General Brusilov

39. The “ Colonial ” Fronts

40. Sikh British Soldiers in India

41. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

42. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

43. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

44. America Joins the Allies

45. The Sinking of the Lusitania

46. The Zimmerman Telegram

47. The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

48. Americans in the Trenches

49. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

50. French Renault Tank

51. British Tank at Ypres

52. U-Boats

53. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

54. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

55. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

56. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

57. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

58. The Zeppelin

59. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

60. Poison Gas Machine Gun

61. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

62. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

63. Effects of the War

64. 9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

65. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

66. World War I Casualties

67.  The Treaty of Versailles which will DESTROY Germany for years to come and unwittingly lead to WWII (History Spoiler Alert!!!)  Post-War Pessimism: Folks are pretty negative about EVERYTHING. This will play a major role in why the 1920s will be so “poppin”!  The Decline of European Powers and the Rise of the United States: Before WWI, Britain particularly was seen as the superpower of the world. However, the United States, already the most powerful industrial nation in the world, seals their reputation with the mammoth military might (note my alliteration, please) thanks to machines. Europe is, for all practical purposes, a literal hot mess. The destruction left behind thanks to a total war was unmatched…until another world war came along.