1. Human Reproductive System
Continued…

2. Female Anatomy

3. Female Reproductive System
Uterus (AKA: womb):
protects zygote/developing embryo
Ovaries:
Inside; found on each side of uterus
Produces Estrogen
develop female sexual characteristics
develop eggs
prepare uterus for pregnancy
FSH LH
Estrogen
Estrogen

4. Review: Oogenesis Defined: Production of the egg cell (ovum)
oocyte
Review: Oogenesis
Meiosis 1
Defined: Production of the egg cell (ovum)
In female ovaries
During meiosis I: Cytoplasm distributed unequally
After meiosis II:
1 cell matures
3 “Polar Bodies” dissolve
Each egg has 23 chromosomes each
Meiosis 2
Oogenesis
*Meiosis II isn’t complete until fertilization occurs!

5. What happens to the egg? Eggs are “housed” in follicles Egg matures
Follicle ruptures, egg is released
OVULATION
3. Egg travels  fallopian tube  uterus
5-7 days
Sperm fertilizes egg here
4. Ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum
Releases hormones for zygote if egg is fertilized
Controlled by hormones
Estrogen, Progesterone, LH, FSH
Many others
Fallopian tube
Uterus
Ovary

6. Fertilized vs. Unfertilized
If fertilized:
Zygote begins to divide as it travels to uterus
Implants into uterus
Multiple zygotes can result from fertilization
Identical twins = same egg
Fraternal twins = 2 separate eggs
If unfertilized:
Egg leaves uterus
menstruation

7. Menstrual Cycle Average = 28 days three phases: flow phase:
1st 5-7 days of cycle
“tear down”
Endometrium (lining of the uterus) sheds

8. Menstrual Cycle “rebuild” ovulation occurs (~ day 14)
2. follicular phase:
“rebuild”
ovulation occurs (~ day 14)
Temperature spikes a little
Most fertile next few days!
Able to get pregnant!

9. Menstrual Cycle 3. luteal phase:
Extra blood/nutrients for potential new baby
Corpus luteum forms
Releases hormones if egg is fertilized

10. Menstrual Cycle The menstrual cycle stops at menopause.
Age = mid 40’s- 50’s
decline in hormone levels make cycles irregular
eventually, cycle stops altogether

11. Review Which hormone is primarily responsible for developing eggs?
Which cellular process produces eggs?
How many chromosomes are found in each egg?
Explain the function of the following parts : ovary, fallopian tube, uterus.
Summarize the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle. What is the main function in each phase?
Define ovulation. In which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?
What does estrogen do? In what ways are the effects of testosterone on males and estrogen on females similar?
Describe how an egg is fertilized.
Explain the difference between identical and fraternal twins.
If twins are born, and one’s a girl and the other is a boy, are they identical or fraternal? Explain.