1. Karl MKkarx
Chapter 3
Karl Marx

2. KARL MARX (1818–1883) Key Concepts Class Bourgeoisie Proletariat Forces and relations of production Capital Surplus value Alienation Labor theory of value Exploitation Class consciousness
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. (Marx and Engels 1848/1978:473)

3. Father: Lawyer from long line of rabbis
Beginnings
Born: Trier, Germany 1818
Died: March 17th, 1883
One of 9 children
Only one to live until 40
Father: Lawyer from long line of rabbis

4. Videos about Marx
Marxism made simple
Do you know how to make a shirt?

5. Biographical Sketch: Karl Marx
University career ( ):
History, Philosophy, and Law
Academic career ambitions ended
Berlin Ministry of Education blacklisted him due to radical views

6. Biographical Sketch: Karl Marx
Early 1840s, Began longtime friendship and collaboration with Friedrich Engels
Marx and family died due to poverty and ill health (early 1880s)

7. Environment and Focus Reaction to dire economic and social conditions
Due to industrial revolution
Theory: Not only to interpret the world, but also to change it
Focus:
Economy
Classes
Forces of production

8. Economy Ways in which people satisfy their material needs
Food, clothing, shelter, etc.
PRODUCTION: Transform raw materials into things people use
Products

9. Means of production & Relations of production
The Means of Production:
Land
Natural resources
Technology
Factories

10. Relations of Production
Social and technical relationships
Among people as they
Use the means of production
Relations among individuals
Between or among groups of people or classes

11. Mode of production
Means of Production + Relations of Production= Mode of Production
Mode of production changes
Primitive Communism
Feudalism
Capitalism
Socialism
Cause of change:
Process of “dialectical materialism”

12. Process of Dialectical Materialism
Each historical period’s mode of production--economy (thesis)
Challenged by a set of social forces (anti-thesis)
New mode of production (synthesis)

13. Economy: Basic Issues What goods & services to produce?
In what quantities?
How scarce resources are allocated?
How goods and services are distributed?
What price should be charged for goods & services?

14. Capitalism
Natural resources and means of producing goods and services are privately owned
Ideal capitalism: 3 Features
1. Private ownership of property
2. Pursuit of personal profit
3. Competition & choice

15. Socialism
An economic system in which the means of production are owned by the public and
Operate for the welfare of all.

16. Socialism Essential Industries & Services are: Publicly owned
Democratically controlled
Equal opportunity for all
Equal benefit for all

17. Communism
“The workers of the world have nothing to lose, but their chains, workers of the world unite.” - Marx
“From each according to his/her ability, to each according to his/her need."

18. Communism Economic system in which:
All means of production are owned by the people,
Private property does not exist, and
All goods and services are shared equally

19. Dialectical Materialism
Materialism=Material world, perceptible to senses
Objective reality
Independent of mind or spirit
Ideas arise
As products and reflections of material conditions
“I labor (work), therefore I am.”

20. Materialism vs. Idealism
Materialism->Opposite of Idealism
Idealism:
Matter dependent on mind or spirit
Mind or Spirit
Exists independently of matter
“I think, therefore I am”

21. Species Being Essence of creative nature
Humans live off nature (as do other animals)
Express “species being” through free, conscious activity
Estranged labor makes work only a means to existence

22. Alienation and Capitalism
Alienation:
Separation of people from aspects of their human nature

23. Alienated Labor: “Alienation”
Worker spends 2/3 of waking hours in meaningless activity
Little or no interaction with others
Alienated from other people
Alienated from humanity

24. Alienation Worker Alienated from: Products of labor
Process of production
Co-workers
Species-potential (species being)
Self (self-estrangement)

25. Capitalism Benefits owners of capital Prevents workers
From realizing essential human capacity for creative labor
Inherently exploitative
Leads to monopoly

26. Social Class Class: Relationship to means of production
Class consciousness: Recognize common relationship to means of production

27. Social Class False consciousness:
Unable to recognize oppression & exploitation
Incorrectly identifying source of problems

28. Marx’s Model of Social Change
Generate class consciousness—Awareness by working class of common relationship to the means of production

29. The Communist Manifesto
Manifesto is a “scientific prophecy” detailing the downfall of the capitalist class and the rise of the proletariat
**The Communist Manifesto Cartoon
Communist Smurfs