1. Oceania: Exploring New Zealand
Nau Mai! Or “welcome” as you will learn today in Maori. Thank you joining us today as we visit New Zealand. During our trip, we will be exploring the unique culture of the New Zealand lifestyle and how the four Masterpiece components help to shape this country’s unique culture. Today, we’re going to learn a little bit about the therapeutic benefits of hot springs in New Zealand, what outnumbers human beings, and we’ll also take a look at the difference between New Zealand and the US in terms of names they associate with items- you say potato, I say patotoe. All you need for this trip is an open mind and a spirit of adventure.
Oceania:
Exploring New Zealand 1

2. Before we Begin: Has anyone travelled to New Zealand?
Is anyone originally from New Zealand?
What interests you about New Zealand?
Before we begin, has anyone ever traveled to New Zealand before?
What do you already know about New Zealand?
What are you most interested in learning about today?

3. Flag Game A. B. C. D.
To start our trip we have a quiz question for you. Which of the flags shown represents the country of New Zealand?
(Answer on next slide)
New Zealand Identity and Heritage- Flags. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. <

4. Flag Facts Union Flag: Royal Blue: Four Stars:
Represents New Zealand as being an independent commonwealth state
Royal Blue:
Represents the sea
Four Stars:
Represent the constellation ‘Southern Cross’ which is simply their location in the South Pacific Ocean.
If you guessed A, you’re correct! This was a tricky one as New Zealand and Australia’s flags are very similar.
(Can anyone tell me the difference between the New Zealand flag and the Australian flag?)
The stars on the Australian flag are white as opposed to New Zealand’s flag which have red stars.
The New Zealand flag has two different symbols on it: One is the Great Britain flag and the other is the southern cross. The four red starts symbolize the southern cross and the country’s position on the South Pacific Ocean. The Union Jack (name of the British flag) is in the upper left quadrant and is a symbol of the country now being an independent commonwealth state, but were once part of the British Empire. The background is blue and symbolizes the fact that New Zealand is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean.
New Zealand Identity and Heritage- Flags. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. <
New Zealand Flag. Maps of the World. 18 Aug <

5. Oceania:
New Zealand
During this presentation we’ll look at factual and cultural items of New Zealand as they pertain to the four Masterpiece components of successful aging.
We will begin by getting a good overview of the country by looking at some intriguing demographics and facts about New Zealand. In the intellectual section, we will be learning about the geography, the demographic makeup of New Zealand, and regional activities that are popular in New Zealand.
New Zealand Identity and Heritage- Flags. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. <

6. Oceania is the smallest continent.
The Islands of Oceania
Oceania is the smallest continent.
Includes all of Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, as well as the thousands of islands of the South Pacific Ocean. Examples of islands include Fiji and Guam.
Let’s first begin by defining Oceania and describing it’s location on the globe.
Oceania is considered to be the smallest continent, however, others consider it more of a region. It is made up of several islands in the tropical pacific ocean. The islands are also broken down into sub regions including: Australia, New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. A couple of the more popular islands that make up these sub regions are Fiji, Guam, Palau, American Samoa, Samoa and Tonga.
As you can see from the map on the slide, its predominately Australia, New Zealand and its nearby islands. New Zealand is the island that is southeast of Australia. You can see the red arrow in the right hand corner of the map point to it.
Oceania. Millennium Indicators.
24 Aug <
Oceania. World Atlas.
<

7. The Islands of New Zealand
New Zealand is comprised of two main islands. They are referred to as the North and South Islands.
New Zealand is made up of two main islands, referred to as the north and south islands. Additionally, Stewart Island and several smaller islands lay offshore of the main, north and south islands. On these islands, you can find a variety of diverse landscapes such as glaciers, mountains, volcanoes, fiords, rain forests, plains and miles of coastline.
The North island has frequent volcanic activity, with the last eruption having taken place in The South island is known for it’s mountain ranges, the southern Alps, and glaciers.
New Zealand. Central Intelligence Agency- The World Factbook. 30 Jan <
New Zealand Geography and Geology. New Zealand Tourism Guide. 12 Aug <
New Zealand: Central Intelligence Agency- The World Factbook. 30 Jan <

8. Facts about New Zealand
Population: 4, 252, 277
Size: 267, 710 sq km
Capital: Wellington
Ethnicities: European (~57%), Asian/Pacific Islander (~13%), Maori (~7%)
Official Languages: English & Maori
New Zealand has a unique mix of Religions- roughly one-third of the population describes themselves as non-religious, whereas, the others connect themselves with mostly various forms of Christianity, followed by Maori Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist. It’s quite difficult to define a national ethnicity for New Zealand, as its a very diverse nation filled with many different ethnic groups.
You’ll realize that the word “Maori” is set apart from the rest of the text. The Maori are the native people of New Zealand who first inhabited the island around 800 A.D. They are a unique culture specific to New Zealand and we’ll be taking a peek into their culture later on in this presentation.
The first Europeans arrived in the waters near New Zealand in 1642 and were only looking to chart the coastline. This was also the first encounter between the Maori people and the Europeans. The first interaction between the two became violent before Europeans left. It would be roughly one-hundred years later before the next group of Europeans arrived and this time actually step foot on New Zealand soil. Following this, whalers, traders and missionaries would arrive establishing settlements along the northern coast of New Zealand. Of course, conflict and violence would continue between the settlers and the Maori tribes. Though the Maori tribes signed a treaty with the British, the conflict continued and would lead to the New Zealand Wars. The British would eventually withdraw from the war because it was too far away from their homeland and thus too costly to fund.
Today, New Zealand is considered an independent nation as a British Commonwealth. New Zealand is roughly 103,000 square miles. To give you an idea of how large that is, it would be about the size of the state of Colorado. The largest city, in terms of population, is Auckland with about 1.3 million people living there. 57% of the population is European and 13% is Asian/Pacific Islander. The Maori account for roughly 7% of the population in New Zealand.
New Zealand: Central Intelligence Agency- The World Factbook. 30 Jan <
New Zealand Today. New Zealand in History. 8 Aug <
New ZealandCIA. World Factbook. 30 Jan 2011.
Waitangi Park, Wellington, New Zealand. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <
Routemaster Bus. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <
Maori Warrior Sculpture. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <

9. Sheepishly Outnumbered
4.2 Million People Million Sheep
We just mentioned that New Zealand’s population is roughly 4.2 million people, however, people are not the dominant species in terms of numbers.
(Any guesses as to what species outnumbers human beings in New Zealand?)
Sheep outnumber people in New Zealand twelve to one. Currently, there are 43.1 million sheep in New Zealand. This number was actually higher in the past, as the sheep population peaked in 1982 at 70.3 million, however, the population has since declined due to decreasing demand and lowered profits for strong wool. New Zealand is still the world’s largest producer of strong wool, which is mainly used to produce interior carpet, furniture coverings, bedding and rugs.
Australia and New Zealand also account for 99% of all lamb and mutton meat produced for consumption worldwide.
Sheep Farming. Sheep World. 8 Aug <
Auckland. Wikimedia. 8 Aug
Dunedin Lamb Spring. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <

10. Oceania:
New Zealand
Now that we have learned a little bit about New Zealand’s history, their people and the overwhelming number of sheep that inhabit the country, let’s move on to discussing some of the practices, activities and foods that makeup the physical component of New Zealand.
In this section we’ll look at some of the most common ways citizens of New Zealand stay healthy and well through physical activity, the therapeutic hot pools that are used and traditional meals that have historically been part of their culture.

11. Hot Springs Located in the central region of the North island
First utilized by the Maori
Past uses include: health/hygiene, cooking, and crafting (weaving)
There are many sites in New Zealand that have hot springs or “hot pools”. These are a popular activity for many and are utilized for a variety of different reasons. A hot pool is any natural body of groundwater that is geothermally heated to temperatures above the human core body temperature.
On the North Island, hot pools can be found all over due to high levels of volcanic activity. They can also be found on the South Island and are caused by active fault lines which produce heat. Because the source of heat on the South Island is from fault lines, the hot pools are found sporadically and in places where you might least expect them.
Some hot pools have been industrialized and developed as a market and charge people admission fees to enter. Other hot pools are still “wild” and you can use them free of charge. Thermal pools have turned into popular resorts and spas that include water slides, as well as typical spa treatments including steam and mud spas. Visits range from 300, ,000 people annually in New Zealand.
Hot pools are not only used for luxury, but historically, they have also been used for therapeutic and health benefits.
New Zealand Hot Springs. New Zealand 100% Pure. 8 Aug <
Thermal pools and spas-A valued resource. Te Ara- the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <
Nikau Pools: Morere Hot Springs Reserve. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <
LOCAD-PTS Used to analyze Hot Springs. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <
Great Barrier Island Hot Pools. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <

12. Health benefits of Bathing in Mineral Water
Rehabilitation:
Skin diseases
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Gout
Obesity
Hemorrhoids
Alcohol withdraws
In the 19th century people strongly believed in the power of bathing in mineral water to cure a multitude of ailments and illnesses. They not only believed in the power of bathing in the water, but also drinking from it as well. While bathing and drinking were the most popular ways of “taking from the water”, people also believed in the power of breathing in or inhaling steam from the hot pools.
It was believed that bathing in the hot pools could cure arthritis, rheumatism and skin ailments, and improve conditions of gout, obesity, hemorrhoids, liver disorders and sight problems. People believed that drinking from the mineral water could improve digestive health, relieve insomnia and even cure syphilis. It’s from this belief, that bottled mineral water as we know today originated.
The health benefits of mineral water is questionable. It is a fact that hot water can hold more dissolved solids than cooler water, and these hot pools contain natural minerals from the earth. The statement that this type of mineral water has curative properties or medical value is unsupported scientifically. As a result, many of the resorts and spas now promote the luxury and relaxation benefits rather than the medical or healing benefits.
Thermal Pools and Spas: The Health Benefits. Te Ara-the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 8 Aug <
Relaxation:
Soaking & Hygiene

13. Recreational Activities
Hiking
Kayaking
Skiing
Whale-Watching
Surfing
Rugby
Fishing
Netball
Whitewater Rafting
Cricket
Scuba Diving
Sports and outdoor activities are a very important part of New Zealand culture. Many of the activities and sports that are still enjoyed today came from British influence. Because of the unique land features of New Zealand, there’s a diverse array of outdoor activities that one can do. These include, but are not limited to hiking, skiing, surfing, fishing, rafting, diving and kayaking.
One of the most popular activities in New Zealand is rugby, which also happens to be the national sport. Rugby can be played for recreation by all or, for the select few, at the professional level. New Zealand’s rugby team is ranked one of the best teams in the world. Rugby was another sport that was influenced and popularized by the British. International play is very big as Australia has a very good Rugby team as well. Rugby is generally played by men, however, the women much prefer netball, which is the most popular activity among women.
Though the most popular vigorous sports are rugby, netball and cricket, the most popular form of physical activity is walking. Roughly, 64% of people in New Zealand reported walking as a form of physical activity that they regularly engage in. Walking was followed by gardening and swimming. It’s a known fact that walking is one of the best, yet simplest forms of physical activity that a person can do throughout the lifespan.
Sport, Recreation and Physical Activity Participation among New Zealand Adults. Active New Zealand Survey. 8 Aug <
New Zealand Sport. Travel New Zealand. 8 Aug <
Scrum. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <
New Zealand League Scrum. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <
Tactix. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <

14. New Zealand Diet Native Maori: Vegemite/Marmite! Urban New Zealanders:
Sweet potato
Birds
‘Kai Moana’: food from the sea- eel, fish, shellfish
Urban New Zealanders:
Large British influence: meat,
potatoes, and tea.
Vegemite/Marmite!
New Zealand’s earliest cuisine was that of the Maori people which were the first inhabitants of the land. They were hunters, gatherers and crop farmers who lived off of the land. Their diet consisted mainly of fowl, fish, wild herbs, roots and “kumara” or sweet potatoes. The Maori people took advantage of the geothermal energy of the land and cooked their food in underground ovens and used the hot pools to steam food.
The more recent cuisine of New Zealand was influenced by British culture. “Meat and three veg” was the staple for most meals as steak and chips or fish and chips was the norm. With the introduction of intercontinental travel, New Zealanders developed a taste for other European and Pacific foods. In the 1980’s when immigration laws were changed, the cuisine of New Zealand also changed and became more diverse and modernized.
One particular item that has traditionally been a popular food of Oceania is vegemite and marmite. Vegemite is popular in Australia, where marmite is popular in New Zealand. Essentially, this jam or paste is made from a mixture of various vegetables and spices. Vegemite has been described as bitter and salty and marmite has been described as sweet tasting.
Today, there’s been a revival of vegetable growing and gardening (gardening is one of the more popular activities in New Zealand), even in apartment buildings. Awareness of food origin and agricultural practices has also become important to New Zealanders. Due to this growing awareness of food origin, locally grown and organic foods have risen in popularity. Many New Zealanders do much of their weekly shopping at their local farmers’ market.
(What similarities or differences do you see of the current New Zealand cuisine when compared to American cuisine?)
Kai-Traditional Maori Food: Food and Water. New Zealand 100% Pure New Zealand. 8 Aug <
Vegemite. About Australia. 8 Aug <
Marmite. Marmite. 8 Aug <
New Zealand Society. Te Ara -the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <
New Zealand Society. Te Ara -the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <
Vegemite On Toast. Wikimedia. 8 Aug <

15. Oceania:
New Zealand
Now that we’ve learned a little bit about the popular outdoor activities New Zealand has to offer, and some of the foods that are part of the culture, let’s turn our attention to the spiritual component and learn about the different religions in New Zealand. We’ll also take a look at some of the traditional practices that are part of the Maori culture.

16. Religion in New Zealand
Nominally Christian denominations, mainly Anglican.
Followed by Presbyterian, Catholic, Methodist, Protestant sects, Maori
30% of population does not claim any affiliation
No official National religion
The dominant religion in New Zealand is Christianity with half of the population indicating affiliation with Christian denominations, however, it has been found that closer to 15% regularly practice. Affiliation with non-Christian religions have been on the rise in recent years due to immigration from other countries. Census data shows that about 30% of New Zealanders are not affiliated with a religion.
Religion, in New Zealand, is seen as a personal choice and citizens have the freedom to practice and believe in the religion of their choice. In fact, human rights laws guarantee people freedom from discrimination over which religion they choose to follow.
Religion. New Zealand Educated. 9 Aug <
Bible Engagement in New Zealand. Survey of Attitudes and Behaviour. Bible Society of New Zealand. 9 Aug <
New Zealand. Britannica Encyclopedia

17. Haka: Traditional Maori Dance
Mostly performed by men
Several styles of haka: war dance, funeral dance
*Fun fact: NZ Rugby team have performed this traditional dance before each match for over 100 years
Before Christianity became the dominant religion of New Zealand, the native Maori tribes practiced a form of paganism and believed in many high gods. Faith in the Tapu or “the sacred” involves spiritual restriction from specific activities and behaviors. Things that are sacred or “Tapu” should be left alone and not even discussed (this is where the word “taboo” comes from). This religious philosophy dictated all aspects of the Maori lifestyle and culture, as it not only involved spirituality, but also was the basis of law, governance and the structure for interaction for those in the village. With the arrival of Christianity, the dominance of the Tapu weakened and the overall Maori brotherhood weakened as a result.
A large part of the Tapu and Maori spiritual culture is the haka, or traditional tribal dances, which are performed for two occasions: Those for special occasions such as weddings and those performed before going into war. The haka performed before going into battle generally involves the use of weapons to both invoke the god of war and to warn the enemy of their impending fate.
The haka is still used today mainly for entertainment, and is actually performed by the New Zealand rugby team before each match.
New Zealand: The Dance (Kapa Haka). Geo Cities. 9 Aug <
The Maori and Warfare. New Zealand in History. 9 Aug <
Religion in New Zealand. Asia Rooms. 9 Aug <
Maori Dancers. Wikimedia. 9 Aug <

18. Oceania:
New Zealand
As we wrap up spirituality, let’s turn our attention to the social aspects of the New Zealand culture. We’ll learn some of the more popular words that make up the Maori language. We’ll also look at some of the differences in terminology that New Zealanders use as compared to those that Americans use.

19. Maori Language: Te Ro Aroha Love Iwi Tribe Kai Food/eat
Kaumatu Respected elder (male)
Kuia Respected elder (female)
Hei kona Goodbye
Kia Ora Hi, g’day
Mai Welcome
Please Koa
Thank You Kia Ora
The following are some common Maori words. Remember that the Maori language is an important part of being socially intact with the Maori culture.
(Feel free to practice saying some of the words with your neighbors).
Proper pronunciation:
Ah-roh-ah
Eewee (e-we)
Kay
Ka-oo-mah-too
Koo-ee-ah
Heh-ee Koan-ah
100 Maori Words Every New Zealander Should Know. New Zealand History. 9 Aug <

20. What did you say? In New Zealand some things are said differently
Kiwi: New Zealander
Tomato sauce: Ketchup
Rellies: Relatives
Fizzy: Soda
Loo: Restroom
Sticking plaster: Bandage
Pakeha: Non-Maori person
Ki Ora/Gidday: Hello
The Girls: A person’s cows
A Handle/Jug: Drinking Glass
Spuds: Potatoes
You say potato, I say patato. You say soda, I say pop! Here are some differences in terminology between New Zealanders and Americans. The bold words are New Zealand expressions and next to it is it’s American translation.
(Can you think of some other differences in terminology between other countries and the United States?)
(How about differences in terminology within the United States?)-ex. Pop/soda; mash buttons (south)/press buttons (north)
Kiwi Words & Phrases. Kiwi Web. <
Kiwi Slang. New Zealand A to Z. 9 Aug <

21. Hei Kona! Thank you for visiting New Zealand! Remember:
Each country has it’s own culture that separates itself from every other country. Although New Zealand and Australia are similar in proximity, both have different traditions that define themselves.
This concludes our exploration of New Zealand-we hope you had fun and learned something new about a different culture. We challenge you to complete some of the activities and materials that test your knowledge of what you’ve learned on New Zealand. See if you can complete the crossword puzzle and see who absorbed the most by challenging others in the quiz game!
Hei Kona!(He-hee Kon-ah) “Good-bye”