4. Future Space Exploration Missions Juno Juno’s principal goal is to understand the origin and evolution of Jupiter Juno will investigate Jupiter’s solid planetary core, map Jupiter's intense magnetic field, measure the amount of water and ammonia in the deep atmosphere, and observe the planet's auroras ► Launch: August 5, 2011 ► Scheduled Arrival: August 2016 ► Mission class: New Frontiers

5. Future Space Exploration Missions JunoInstruments: ► Infrared mapper ► Microwave radiometer ► Magnetometer ► High-energy particle detector ► UV imaging spectrometer ► Visible band telescope

6. Future Space Exploration Missions Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) ► MAVEN will provide the first direct measurements to answer important questions about the evolution of Mars and its atmosphere ► Measurements of present-day atmospheric loss will offer clues about the planet's earlier denser atmosphere that supported liquid water on the surface, and help understand the dramatic climate change on Mars ► Launch: Scheduled for late 2013 on an Atlas V 401 ► Mission class: Mars Scout Program

7. Future Space Exploration Missions Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution ► Maven is scheduled to arrive at Mars in the fall of 2014 and enter an elliptical orbit to return data from the spacecraft’s eight science instruments for a full Earth year ► MAVEN also will dip to an altitude 80 miles above the planet to sample Mars' entire upper atmosphere ► MAVEN may also provide communications relay support for robotic missions on the Martian surface

8. Future Space Exploration Missions - MAVEN

9. Future Space Exploration Missions James Web Space Telescope (JWST) ► The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will succeed the Hubble Space Telescope as one of NASA’s Great Observatories, but in the infrared range ► The large multi-segment mirror, infrared-optimized space telescope will operate in the Lagrange L2 point to view the universe and galaxies at red-shifts closer to the Big Bang than in the visible band ► Scheduled launch: June 2018

10. Future Space Exploration Missions James Web Space Telescope (JWST) ► JWST primary mirror is composed of 18 segments that is 6.5 meters (21.3 feet) in diameter and a sunshield the size of a tennis court  Hubble Space Telescope’s primary mirror is 2.4 m (7.8 ft) in diameter ► The JWST sunshield is used to keep the optics and electronics cool enough for the sensitive IR sensors and systems ► JWST is the only NASA space observatory named after an administrator instead of a scientist

11. Future Space Exploration Missions ► JWST sketched with its 18 mirror segments and multiple cooling panels

12. Future Space Exploration Missions Mars 2018 ► The Mars 2018 Mission is a proposed NASA Mars rover mission that would carry the European Space Agency's ExoMars rover ► The rovers would land together on the surface of Mars in 2019 with a "sky crane" landing system similar to that used for the Curiosity rover ► The goal of the proposed NASA rover would be to collect and cache samples of interest for a potential return to Earth by a future mission ► Proposed launch: 2018 opportunity

13. Future Space Exploration Missions – Mars 2018

14. Future Space Exploration Missions Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) ► LISA is an unfunded mission concept designed to detect and measure gravitational waves from astronomical sources ► The proof-of-concept mission named LISA Pathfinder is designed to demonstrate the technology necessary for a successful full mission ► LISA Pathfinder is scheduled for launch in 2014

15. Future Space Exploration Missions Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)

16. Future Space Exploration Missions MoonRise ► MoonRise would land in the interior of the South Pole Aitken (SPA) Basin at a location selected using criteria for science and mission safety ► MoonRise would document the geologic context of the landing site with high-resolution and multispectral surface imaging ► The spacecraft would collect soil and rock fragments to return to Earth for mineralogical and chemical analyses, and isotopic age determinations

17. Future Space Exploration Missions MoonRise ► Launch: October 2016 on an Atlas V 531 ► Lunar landing: March 2017, at the South Pole– Aitkin Basin ► Lunar ascent: March 2017 (following about 10 days of surface operations) ► Sample return: August 2017

18. Future Space Exploration Missions MoonRise

19. Surface and Atmosphere Geochemical Explorer (SAGE) ► SAGE is a Venus lander designed to study the history of Venus's surface, climate and atmosphere and predict its fate within the future of the solar system ► Scheduled launch: December 2016 (21-day launch window) ► Arrival and separation: April 2017 ► Descent: May 2017, 1 hour ► Landing site: Mielikki Mons ► Surface science: 3 hours ► Mission class: New Frontiers

20. Future Space Exploration Missions - SAGE

21. Future Space Exploration Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) ► This mission will use multiple telescopes working together to take family portraits of stars and their orbiting planets ► TPF will also help determine which planets may have the right chemistry for life ► Proposed Launch: To be determined (unfunded)

22. Future Space Exploration Missions - TPF

23. Future Space Exploration Missions The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) ► ► LADEE is designed to characterize the tenuous lunar atmosphere and dust environment from orbit ► ► The scientific objectives of the mission are:   Determine the global density, composition, and time variability of the fragile lunar atmosphere before it is perturbed by further human activity; and   Determine the size, charge, and spatial distribution of electrostatically transported dust grains and assess their likely effects on lunar exploration and lunar-based astronomy

24. Future Space Exploration Missions The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer ► ► The nominal science orbit will last 100 days ► ► The orbiter will carry a neutral mass spectrometer, an ultraviolet/visible spectrometer, and a dust detector ► ► Also onboard is a technology demonstration of lunar laser communications ► ► Scheduled launch: May 1, 2012 from Wallops Island on a Minotaur with a Star 37FM or FMV upper stage ► ► Low-energy trans-lunar trajectory will take about five months ► ► Science mission: 100 days on orbit ► ► Higher orbit for technology demonstration that will last for about nine months

25. Future Space Exploration Missions - LADEE

27. Current Space Exploration Missions Mars Science Laboratory NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory is a large, mobile laboratory — the rover Curiosity ► Curiosity is scheduled to analyze dozens of samples for two years that are drilled from rocks or scooped from the ground as it explores with greater range than any previous Mars rover ► Curiosity carries the most advanced payload of scientific gear ever used on Mars’ surface, a payload more than 10 times as massive as those of earlier Mars rovers

28. Current Space Exploration Missions Mars Science Laboratory The MSL objectives are to investigate whether conditions have been favorable for microbial life and for preserving clues in the rocks about possible past life ► Launch: November 26, 2011 ► Landing: August 5 2012 ► Mission class: New Frontiers

29. ► Mars Science Laboratory – Curiosity Rover

30. Current Space Exploration Missions Kepler Planet Discovery Mission ► The Kepler spacecraft mission is designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way galaxy to discover identify Earth-size planets in or near the habitable zone ► Kepler’s survey data will help determine how many of the billions of stars in our galaxy have such planets ► Kepler uses the transit method to determine the size of the planet and its distance from its host star  Changes in star brightness measure as small as 1/10,000 th

31. Current Space Exploration Missions Kepler ► The Kepler spacecraft includes a 0.95 m telescope and sensitive photometer to measure star brightness accurately ► Targeted stars are in the Cygnus-Lyra region of the Milky Way Galaxy neighborhood ► NASA Discovery mission #10

32. Current Space Exploration Missions Kepler – observation data (04/13) ► Confirmed Planets: 122 ► Planet Candidates: 2,740 ► Eclipsing Binary Stars: 2,165

33. Current Missions Dawn ► Dawn is a robotic spacecraft sent by NASA on a space exploration mission to the two largest objects in the asteroid belt, Vesta and the dwarf planet Ceres ► Launched on September 27, 2007, Dawn explored Vesta between 2011 and 2012, then sent to explore Ceres in 2015 ► Dawn is the first spacecraft to visit either body

34. Current Missions ► Ceres and Vesta were of interest for a dedicated explorer since they are the two largest asteroids discovered so far, and have entirely different characteristics ► Ceres is wet (icy & cold) having formed in the outer asteroid belt ► Vesta is dry and rocky having formed in the inner asteroid belt ► Research into their formation should provide clues to the different formation processes between the rocky terrestrial planets and the icy bodies in the outer solar system

35. Current Missions ► Dawn’s objectives are to characterize the conditions and processes of the solar system's earliest epoch by investigating in detail two of the largest protoplanets remaining intact since their formation ► Ion propulsion ► Mars gravity assist ► Mission class: Discovery

36. Current Missions - Dawn

37. Current Missions New Horizons ► New Horizons is NASA’s robotic spacecraft flyby mission en route to Pluto and its moons, Charon, Nix, and Hydra ► Future mission plans may also include flybys of one or more other Kuiper belt objects ► Launch: January 19, 2006 on an Atlas V 551 ► Flyby of Jupiter for a gravity assist on February 28, 2007

38. Current Missions New Horizons ► New Horizons passed the orbit of Saturn on June 8, 2008, and the orbit of Uranus on March 18, 2011 ► Arrival: Pluto July 14, 2015, then further on into the Kuiper belt ► Mission class: New Frontiers

39. Current Missions New Horizons ► The New Horizons spacecraft is powered by two radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) because of its distance from the Sun ► The spacecraft’s X-band communications will take approximately 4.5 hours to reach Earth from Pluto ► Pluto’s launch from Earth reached the greatest launch speed ever recorded for a man-made object at an Earth-relative velocity of 16.26 km/s (58,536 km/h; 36,373 mph)

40. Current Missions ► New Horizons

41. Current Missions – New Horizons

44. International Space Exploration Missions Bepi/Colombo ► Bepi/Colombo is a joint mission of the European Space Agency and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to explore the planet Mercury ► The dual-orbiter Bepi/Colombo spacecraft is expected to use both conventional liquid chemical propulsion and an ion engine to reach Mercury, then enter orbit around the planet ► As envisioned, the joint effort is a dual spacecraft mission will have a one year life at Mercury

45. International Space Exploration Missions Bepi/Colombo ► Planned launch: 2014 on an Ariane V ► Planned Arrival: 2020 ► Gravity assists from Earth, Venus, and Mercury

46. International Space Exploration Missions Bepi/Colombo

47. Hayabusa ► Hayabusa was a Japanese robotic spacecraft that returned material from the near-Earth asteroid 25143 (Itokawa) to Earth for analysis ► Hayabusa, also known as MUSES-C, was the only space mission to return asteroid material to Earth ► The 10-micron sized particles from the return capsule were identified as primitive rocky material typical of “dry” asteroids ► Launch: May 9, 2003 on a Japanese MV solid rocket booster ► Arrival at Itokawa: September 2005 ► Earth return: June 13, 2010

48. International Space Exploration Missions Hayabusa

50. Chang'e ► Chang’e, also known as the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, or CLEP, began with the launch of the Chang’e 1 and Chang’e 2 lunar orbiters ► Chang’e 1 was launched on October 24, 2007 on a Chinese Long March 3A to return a high-resolution 3- dimensional map of the lunar surface ► Chang'e 2 was launched on October 1, 2010 on a Long March 3C to map the lunar surface in higher resolution for the Chang'e 3 lander and rover mission

51. International Space Exploration Missions Chang'e ► Chang'e 3 is scheduled for launch in 2013 as a lander and rover pair for a three month scientific mission, followed by the Chang’e 4 lander and rover ► Chang’e 5 is the third phase of the lunar exploration program with a planned launch in 2017 using the CZ- 5E heavy-lift launcher for the lunar sample return mission ► A manned lunar landing has been proposed for the 2025–2030 time frame

53. International Space Exploration Missions Chandrayaan-1 ► Chandrayaan-1 was India's first space exploration mission and first lunar probe ► The Chandrayaan-1 mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor ► Launch: October 22, 2008 on their PSLV booster ► Operational life: Ended August 2009

54. International Space Exploration Missions Chandrayaan-1

55. Chandrayaan-2 ► Chandrayaan-2 is a joint lunar exploration mission proposed by the Indian Space Research Organization and the Russian Federal Space Agency ► includes a lunar orbiter and a lunar rover made in India as well as one lander built by Russia ► The rover will pick up soil or rock samples for on-site chemical analysis ► Data relayed through the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter ► Proposed launch: 2014

56. International Space Exploration Missions Chandrayaan-2 Lander and rover

58. International Space Exploration Missions PLATO ► Like NASA’s Kepler project, the European Space Agency’s PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is intended to identify nearby star systems that are likely to harbor Earth-like planets and variable stars ► Primary instrument: Optical telescope ► Orbit operation: L2 ► Projected launch: 2017/2018 ► Expected mission life: 6 years

59. International Space Exploration Missions - PLATO

60. International Space Exploration Missions Solar Orbiter ► The ESA’s Solar Orbiter is part of the Cosmic Visions long-term space exploration planning program. The Solar Orbiter consists of 10 instruments, designed to answer several of the outstanding, fundamental questions in solar and heliophysics, including the possibility of predicting solar outbursts. ► Primary instruments: Visible, extreme ultra violet, X- ray ► Orbit operation: Solar orbit with perihelion > 0.28 AU and inclination 0.28 AU and inclination < 30° ► Projected launch: No earlier than 2017 ► Expected mission life: 6 years

61. International Space Exploration Missions Euclid ► The ESA’s Euclid project is part of the Cosmic Visions long-term space exploration planning program intended to map galaxies and galaxy clusters that offer clues to the dark matter and dark energy affecting their position and dynamics ► Primary instruments: Kirsch telescope with imaging in the visible and near IR ► Orbit operation: L2 ► Projected launch: 2019 ► Expected mission life: 5 years

62. International Space Exploration Missions - Euclid

63. International Space Exploration Missions ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter ► The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) is a collaborative proposal between the ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) ► The 1-year Mars orbital science mission was originally scheduled as a collaboration with NASA before funding was removed from the NASA budget ► The TGO would deliver the ExoMars EDM stationary lander and then proceed to map the sources of methane on Mars and other gases, and in doing so, help select the landing site for the ExoMars rover to be launched in 2018

64. International Space Exploration Missions – ExoMars TGO

65. International Space Exploration Missions Planck ► The Planck spacecraft is the ESA’s cosmic microwave background radiation detector and mapper with greater sensitivity and resolution than NASA’s Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) - both currently in operation at the Lagrange L2 point ► Primary instruments: Microwave receiver array and bolometer ► Orbit operation: L2 ► Launch: May 14, 2009 ► Expected mission life: 3 years

66. International Space Exploration Missions - Planck