1. Civil Rights The Movement Toward Equality Erica Andersen

2. Background 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th amendments Gave blacks rights, but were soon taken away with Jim Crow laws, poll taxes and the Grandfather Clause. Plessy v. Ferguson set the standard for “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites.

3. Brown V. Board (1954) Started the want and need for integrated schools and other segregated places. Topeka, KA Separate, but equal NOT equal Thurgood Marshall, lawyer for Brown family Chief Justice Earl Warren decided separate but equal in education was not equal Lawyers in the Brown V. Board case: Boulware, Marshall, and Robinson

4. Emmett Till (1955) Young boy from Chicago Beaten and murdered by white men in south Men admit guilt, but get off anyway

5. Emmett Till Mother wanted an open casket to show the world what prejudice and hatred had done to her son.

6. Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus City-wide bus boycott Over a year of walking Martin Luther King, Jr. organized the boycott which caused huge damages to the bus lines Desegregate Buses

7. Little Rock, AR (1957) “Little Rock Nine” Stopped by the Governor Troops sent by Eisenhower

8. Leaders Martin Luther King, Jr. Stokely Carmichael Malcolm X Thurgood Marshall A. Philip Randolph

9. Martin Luther King, Jr. Bus boycott SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) March on Washington

10. MLK cont. “I have a dream” speech Assassinated by James Earl Ray in 1968

11. Stokely Carmichael SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) Black Power – reject white, American customs and unite to form their own society “Black is Beautiful”

12. Malcolm X Nation of Islam- converted while in prison Black Separatism, Black Pride, separate society for blacks. Did not want integration to continue Assassinated Because he changed his mind.

13. Thurgood Marshall NAACP Brown v. Board Supreme Court Justice, first black to reach that position

14. A. Philip Randolph Fair Employment Act Desegregation in Armed Forces Negro American Labor Council March on Washington

15. Major Groups NAACP CORE SCLC SNCC Black Panthers

16. NAACP 1910 W.E.B. Du Bois NonViolence Legal Issues

17. CORE-Congress of Racial Equality 1942 James Farmer NonViolence March on Washington

18. SCLC 1957 Martin Luther King, Jr. Nonviolent passive resistance

19. SNCC 1960 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Nonviolence

20. Black Panthers 1966 Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale African-American Militant Party

21. Violence Whites used on blacks Methods such as beatings, hangings, burning houses, and gassing protestors.

22. Ku Klux Klan in the 1960s/70s Violence against Blacks Bombings, lynchings, Shootings, etc.

23. James Meredith (1961) University of Mississippi Violence and Riots 5,000 Federal Troops

24. Medgar Evers (1963) NAACP secretary Murdered Byron De La Beckwith Not convicted for 30 years

25. Church Bombing (1963) Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Sunday Four young girls killed Denise McNair Cynthia Wesley Carole Robertson Addie Mae Collins

26. The Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner (1964) James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner Civil Rights workers Whites as well as blacks

27. March from Selma (1965) To Montgomery First attempt were stopped by police beat and gassed the walkers Made it on second attempt

28. NonViolence Blacks/ pro-Civil Rights SNCC Martin Luther King, Jr.

29. Sit-Ins (1960-1961) Could buy items in store but couldn’t eat at counter Just sat while whites attacked

30. Freedom Rides (1961) May, 1961 Nonviolent Want integration of Bus Terminals Encountered much opposition

31. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Made racial discrimination in public places illegal Equal Employment opportunities voting

32. Bibliography Infoplease. 2005. 24 May 2005..http://www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.html “Civil Rights.” Wikipedia. 24 May 2005..http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement Rezelman, David. “American History since 1877.” Temple University. 24 May 2005..http://www.temple.edu/history/amhist2images.html "Civil Rights Movement in the United States." Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2005. 24 May 2005..http://encarta.msn.com “Stokely Carmichael.” 26 May 2005..http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcarmichael.htm “Black History.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005. 26 May 2005..http://search.eb.com/Blackhistory/subjects/bio.do Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. 1996. CD-ROM.

33. Bibliography, cont. “History of SNCC.” 2000. 1 June 2005..http://www.ncsu.edu/chass/mds/sncchist.html “Sit Ins.” 22 June 1998. 31 May 2005..http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/sit-ins.html