1. TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY
Department of Bioorganic and Biological Chemistry
Bioorganic chemistry
I COURSE
SUBJECT : Carbohydrates. Structure and chemical properties of di-and Polysaccharides.
LECTURE №13
LECTURER : PROFESSOR A.D.DZHURAEV

2. PURPOSE OF LECTURES:
Knowledge of how to form the structure, the structural organization and the most important basic chemical reactions of homo-and hetero-polysaccharides in relation to their biological functions Kimi.

3. Reaction of disaccharides Reducing and non-reducing disaccharide
The questions of:
Reaction of disaccharides
Reducing and non-reducing disaccharide
Gomopolisaharidy: starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin, dextran and pectin
Heteropolysaccharides: chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparin
The value of polysaccharides in medicine

4. Oligosaccharides (disaccharides)
Maltose +Н2О→ α- Dextroglucose + β- Dextroglucose
С12Н22О Cellobiose +Н2О→ β- Dextroglucose + β- Dextroglucose
lactose +Н2О→ β- Dextroglucose + D-galactose
Сахароза +Н2О→ α- Dextroglucose + β- D-fructose

5. Restores disaccharides - Maltose
a-(14) Glycosidic bond
а-D-glucopyranosyl-
(1-4)--D-glucopyranose
а -D-glucopyranosyl
(1-4)-а-D-glucopyranose

6. Cellobiose
β- (14) glycosidic
link
Cellobiose

7. LACTOSE
β- (14) glycosidic
link
lactose

8. Non-reducing disaccharide - sucrose
-configuration
(12) or
(21) glycosidic
link
-configuration

9. Amygdalin glucosidic bonds remainder of benzaldehyde cyanohydrin
gentsiobiozny balance

10. Aminoglycoside
Remainder streptodina - aglycone
N-methyl-L-glucosamine

11. Polysaccharides (multiplesugar, poliozidy, glycol)
Classification of polysaccharides:
In monosaccharide composition: homo and heteropolysaccharides
By biological functions : Structural, back-up, with an unknown function
The solubility in water: insoluble and soluble (form colloidal solutions).

12. GOMOPOLISAHARIDY STARCH - a mixture of amylose and amylopectin
hydrolysis
starch
dextrin
maltoza
glucose
glucose

13. Amylose
amylose

14. Amylose and amylopectin
-(1 4) glycosidic bonds
amylopectin
-(1 6) glycoside. connection

15. The spatial structure of amylose
-glucose monomers macromolecule twisted into a spiral.
Therefore, the probability of formation of hydrogen bonds between the chains is reduced and the water is increased, resulting in amylose is very soluble in water.

16. The spatial structure of the helical amylose

17. Spatial conformation of amylopectin
Unlike amylose amylopectin has a branched structure. Glycosidic OH group CH2OH groups linked  - (1 - 6) glycosidic bond.
branched chain
The backbone

18. Amylopectin
α–(16) glycosidic
bond
Amylopectin
n=20-25

19. Dextran
Dextran

20. CELLULOSE
CELLULOSE

21. CELLULOSE
In macromolecule cellulose residues  -glucose molecules linked intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds
Therefore, cellulose has a fibrous structure.

22. Chitin
Chitin

23. Chitosan
Chitosan

24. Pectic substances
Pectic acid

25. Heteropolysaccharide N-atsetilhondrozin
D-glucuronic acid
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

26. Chondroitin-4-sulfate

27. Hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronic acid

28. Heparan sulfate
heparin fragment chain

29. Muramin
Muramin