1. History of
Classification

2. Why is there a need to Classify organisms?
There are well over 2 million different types of organisms known.

3. Taxonomy. The branch of Biology that involves the classification of
organisms is called
Taxonomy.

4. Make a Table to record the Historical Timeline of Classification
Date
Person
Contribution

5. Early classification:
4th century BC: Aristotle observed and grouped over 500 different animals.
He divided organisms into two groups:
Plants and
Animals

6. Aristotle classified animals on the basis of where they lived.
air
land
sea

7. Plants were classified on the basis of structure and size.
They were put into 3 categories:
herbs
shrubs
trees

8. He decided that organisms should be
John Ray (1627 – 1705)
He decided that organisms should be
named
as well as classified.

9. He referred to organisms with the same characteristics and the same kind of parents as belonging to the same
species.

10. botanist and made the greatest contribution to taxonomy.
Carolus Linnaeus (1707 – 1778)
He was a
Swedish
botanist and made the greatest contribution to taxonomy.

11. He decided that organisms should be grouped according to similarities in
body structure.

12. Linnaeus introduced a two-part system to name and classify organisms:
binomial nomenclature

13. Each organism is given a two-word Latin
name (or in a Latin style), as Latin is not commonly used today.

14. The name for man (human) is:
For example
The name for man (human) is:
Homo sapiens

15. Linnaeus divided all living things into kingdoms
Linnaeus divided all living things into kingdoms. In his day, Linnaeus knew of only two kingdoms, plants and animals. Today we use a five or 6 kingdom system.

16. Today’s Classification Schemes
Today Taxonomists use a variety of information to classify or group organisms.
Structural
Biochemical
Cytological Information (the study of cells)
Embryological Information
Behavioral

17. The 5 Kingdom System Of Classification
All Living things on earth can be placed in one of 5 groups known as Kingdoms

18. 5 Kingdom Classification

19. Kingdom ( most general)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (most specific)

21. Examples: Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia
Insecta
Order
Primates
Diptera
Family
Hominidae
Pongidae
Muscidae
Genus
Homo
Pan
Musca
species
sapiens
troglodyte
domestica

22. Keep in mind:
Classification systems are artificial. They are developed by scientists to deal with the great diversity of life!
Scientists continue to update classification schemes as more DNA evidence is collected and analyzed.

23. Section 9.1
Read page and 331
Use the 3-Point Approach sheet to define:
Binomial nomenclature
Taxa
Phylogeny
Answer questions p331 1, 2, 4, 6
And p 334 1
Do Activity “Applying Inquiry Skills” 5 and 6