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Published byCandice Strickland Modified over 9 years ago
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SPECIATION & CLASSIFICATION
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Allopatric Speciation
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Sympatric Speciation
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Originalpopulation
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Sympatric Speciation n Sympatric speciation is the genetic divergence of various populations (from a single parent species) inhabiting the same geographic region, such that those populations become different species.
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Micro vs. Macro Evolution n MICROEVOLUTION- Genes within a population change over time n MACROEVOLUTION- Genes have changed so much that a new species is created
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Species n organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
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Taxonomy n Branch of biology that involves identification, naming, and classification of species
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Linnaean System n Carolus Linnaeus (1700s) Swedish botanist n Language: Latin n Binomial Nomenclature: –Two part name: Genus and species
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Examples n Panthera pardus (leopard) n Canis familiaris (domestic dog) n Mus musculus (house mouse) Genus, begins with capital letter Species, begins with lower case Italicized GenusSpecies
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Common Names n Everyday names given to organisms. n Example - jellyfish, crayfish n Can be confusing. n Different in different areas, and countries
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Aristotle n First person to classify organisms. n Categorized all organisms into 2 groups: plants & animals. n Plants - stem differences n Animals - habitat
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Order of Classification groups DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies Dr. Ken please come over for some great soup!
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Classification of Humans n Domain- Eukaryote n Kingdom - Animalia n Phylum - Chordata n Class - Mammalia n Order - Primates n Family - Hominidae n Genus - Homo n Species - sapiens
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Three Domains Eubacteria Archaeabacteria Eukaryotes
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Domain: Archaebacteria n Prokaryotic cells n Usually found in extreme environments. n Example - thermoacidophiles
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Domain: Eubacteria n Prokaryotic cells n Example – n Escherichia coli ( E.coli)
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Domain: Eukaryote n Contains the kingdoms that are eukaryotes n Plant n Animal n Protists n Fungi
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Kingdom Protista n Eukaryotic cells n Unicellular & multicellular n Example - Ameba, paramecium
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Kingdom Fungi nEnEnEnEukaryotic cells nHnHnHnHeterotrophic nMnMnMnMulticellular nEnEnEnExamples - mushrooms, yeasts.
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Kingdom Plantae n Eukaryotic cells n Autotrophic n Multicellular n Example - poison ivy
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Kingdom Animalia n Eukaryotic cells n Heterotrophic n Multicellular n Example - humans
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Convergent Evolution Process in which unrelated species from similar environments have adaptations that seem very similar
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Divergent Evolution Pattern of evolution in which two closely related species gradually become more and more dissimilar
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Classification & Identification n Morphology - physical appearance n Embryology - appearance of embryos n Chromosomes n Biochemistry- DNA and amino acids
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Why do we classify Organisms? n So we can organize them to make them easier to study. n Less confusing n Continuously changing as we learn more and with the - Now – 3 Domains
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Phylogenetic Tree n Branched diagrams that shows evolutionary relationships n Each branch point is a common ancestor
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