2. B1 – YOU AND YOUR GENES Just to get started visit all the keywords around the room Use your coloured pen to add information or definitions to the keyword How much can you remember?

3. Genes and Chromosomes Where is the DNA stored in a cell?

4. Genetic, Environmental or Both? On your desk you have three different coloured cards with different letters on each Look at the features on the next slides and hold up a card to say whether you think the feature is controlled by genes, the environment or both G E B

5. Eye Colour

6. scars

7. Height

8. Freckles

9. Piercings

10. Tongue Rolling

11. How many Chromosomes? Sperm cell? A white blood cell? Ovum? Nerve cell?

12. Most cells of the body contain chromosomes in matching pairs. These pairs are called homologous chromosomes. Where do homologous chromosomes come from? chromosome from female parent chromosome from male parent Chromosome pair 1 chromosomes Each pair of chromosomes carry the same genes in the same place, but they can carry different versions of this gene this is an allele.

13. Different versions of a gene are called alleles. Two alleles that are the same are called homozygous alleles. Allele for attached earlobes Homozygous alleles Alleles Allele for attached earlobes Two alleles that are different are called heterozygous alleles. Allele for attached earlobes Heterozygous alleles Allele for dangly earlobes

14. Dominant or Recessive? Only need one copy of the allele Need two copies of the allele

15. Boys vs Girls Which sex chromosomes do boys have? What about girls?

16. Boys Why do men have nipples? Put the statements in the correct order

17. Genetic disorders In your pair you are either A or B Person A is going to find out about HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE Person B is going to find out about CYSTIC FIBROSIS On your person outline draw pictures to represent the symptoms and any treatments you can remember and write down how we test for the disease

18. Genetic Screening One way to test embryos is to carry out PRE IMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS In your pair sort the cards into order for the stages of the process

19. Genetic Screening It can be used before prescribing drugs to see if there are any side effects It could help prevent diseases and identify genetic disorders But is it right to carry out genetic screening? In your group of four complete your section of the placemat End

20. Genetic Screening Come to a group decision! End

21. Clones! Natural clones Artificial clones

22. Dolly the sheep

23. Stem Cells What kind of stem cell would you rather be? An adult stem cell or an embryonic stem cell

24. Stem cells Adult stem cells Can turn into many different types of cells but NOT all types of cells Embryonic stem cells Can turn into ALL different types of cells

25. Is it right to carry out genetic screening?

26. Huntington’s Disease Huntington’s disease is an inherited genetic disorder – it is a disease that is passed on from parents to children. The symptoms of Huntington’s don’t appear until middle age. It begins with problems controlling muscles, this shows up as twitching and clumsiness. Gradually the sufferers becomes forgetful. They find it hard to concentrate and often suffer mood changes. Sadly the condition is fatal. Huntington’s is a dominant genetic disorder, this means you only need one allele to inherit the disease. When Huntington’s disease runs in a family people often have genetic tests to see if they are going to develop Huntington’s disease. If they find out they are going to develop it they often decide not to have children. Now people who have genetic diseases in their families can carry out PRE-IMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS

27. Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is an inherited genetic disorder. The symptoms include thick mucus, difficulty breathing, chest infections and difficulty digesting food. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder, this means that you need two copies of the allele to inherit the condition. This means you get CARRIERS for cystic fibrosis: people who only have one allele so don’t have any symptoms BUT they can pass on that allele to their children. If a couple know they are at risk of having a child with CF they can have tests which can be done during pregnancy. Using amniocentesis cells from the foetus can be collected and tested. However there is a risk of miscarriage, the results could be inaccurate – tests could give a false positive or false negative, parents may have to decide whether to terminate the pregnancy.