1. Discussion: Colligative Properties Students will be able to: Explain how dissolved solutes affect the boiling and freezing points of solutions

2. Remember  Packet # 1 is due today  Lab next time!

3. The Affect of Adding Non-volatile Solutes  What happens to the boiling point and freezing point as solutes are added?

4. Will the Freezing Point Ever Go Up?  NO! Adding Solutes Will Always Make the Freezing Point Go Down

5. Will the Boiling Point Ever Go Down?  Sometimes. If the solute is volatile the boiling point goes down.  An example would be adding alcohol to water. The mixture will boil at a lower temperature than the pure water.  The boiling point of alcohol is only around 70 o C so adding it makes the boiling point go down

6. Ice Will Not Melt if the Outside Temp is Lower than Zero  Since the Fp = 0 and the outside temp is -5, this ice won’t melt.

7. If the Outside Temperature is -5 o C Salt and Ice Mixtures Can Melt  If you can add salt the mixture will not freeze until it is -10 o C

8. Why do people add salt to roads?  Sentence #1:  Sentence #2:  Sentence #3:

9. Colligative Properties  What are two properties of solutions that depend on the number of dissolved particles?  Boiling Point (normally goes up)  Freezing Point

10. Ethylene Glycol  This is the molecule that is commonly called antifreeze. C 2 H 6 O 2  62 grams/mol  There are two reasons it is used for antifreeze.  It has a high boiling point a high boiling point and it is very soluble in water and it is very soluble in water

11. Antifreeze  Why is antifreeze added to cars?  The mixture of water and ethylene glycol has a higher boiling point than pure water.  The mixture of water and ethylene glycol has a lower freezing point than pure water.

12. Molarity and molality  Molarity is the ratio of moles solute to liters of solution  Molality is the ratio of moles solute to kilograms of solvent  Notice you divide by the solvent not the solution

13. Calculate Molality (on discussion)  30.0 grams of C 2 H 6 O 2 (the solute) change to moles  Mixed with 30.0 grams of water (the solvent) change to Kg

14. What Temp Will it Freeze?  What are the two factors that influence how much it drops? a. the molality of the solution a. the molality of the solution b. the freezing point constant of water (1.86) b. the freezing point constant of water (1.86)

15. Identify The Symbols

16. How to Calculate the Boiling Point  ΔTb= m x Kb  ΔTb = m x 0.512  ΔTb=16.13x 0.512  8.25  Recall the temp of boiling goes up. Boiling is normally 100 o C. So the temp of boiling is……  108.25

17. 70 grams of water (the solvent) mixed with 30 grams of antifreeze (C 2 H 6 O 2 ) the solute.