2. What will we learn Historical background of Venice Challenges faced by Venice Factors to the rise of Venice Venice’s Golden Age Factors leading to the fall of Venice

32. Geography Early Settlers Challenges faced by early Venetians Venice: 5th to 9th Century

34. Venice was made up of may small islands with numerous canals in between.

35. EARLY SETTLERS Life of early venetians Expert sailors and shipbuilders knowledge of crafts, fishing & salt production Not agriculturely inclined Depended on mainland states for food & raw materials Rainwater collected for constant water supply VeniceVenice: 5th to 9th Century

36. Venetian society System of administration created Neighbourliness & Sense of belonging for social stability Venice had 5 districts, smaller administrative & social units Close interaction between the rich and poor, houses were built close to one another Celebrations at central square VeniceVenice: 5th to 9th Century

37. Economic activities Knowledge of salt production – monopoly Trade agreements with difft communities around the Po River – gained dominance access mainload & forested areas for wood – shipbuilding Exchanged wood for gold, spices and incense with Egypt Rising trade power VeniceVenice: 5th to 9th Century

38. System of government Elected leader – Doge a life appointment 3 tiered structure: Doge Ducal Council – nominate dogeship General Assembly – passed laws on essential issues (trade and housing) VeniceVenice: 5th to 9th Century

39. Piracy in the Adriatic Sea. Maintaining diplomatic relations 10 th century Europe Challenges

40. Piracy in the Adriatic Sea. Byzantine Empire’s control over its territories weakened Venice had no strong navy, experienced failures against the pirates Pay annual gifts to ensure safe passage along the Adriatic Sea. Travelled in convoy for safety Challenges

41. Maintaining diplomatic relations between rivals in the West and East 5 th century Venice Maintained friendship between the Byzantine emperor and Germanic kings(both are rivals) Balancing act allowed Venice to act as middlemen for Eastern products which are sold in Europe Establishing friendly relations with mainland states for favourable trading and trade expansion Challenges

42. 10 th century Europe Germanic tribes invaded Europe and established kingdoms and cities. Farming and food production increased with peaceful conditions Trade grew as surplus food was being exchanged for other goods Prosperous cities became centres for trade Posed a direct challenge to Venice Challenges

43. 1.Leadership 2.Reforms in the government 3.Trade developments and expansion 4.Industrial development 5.Innovative practices

44. Dogeº Pietro II Orseolo subude the pirates in Dalmatia.

46. Doge and Ducal Councillors with Council of 40

54. Innovative Practices journal for double-entry bookkeeping Giro-banking

55. Territorial possessions Social transformation Economic prosperity

56. Challenges between the 15 th & 18 th Centuries Foreign talents Maritime competition Political challenges Social challenges Fall of Venice

57. Challenges between the 15 th & 18 th Centuries Foreign threats –Involvement in the mainland –Ottoman Empire –League of Cambrai

62. Challenges between the 15 th & 18 th Centuries Maritime competition –Discovery of new sea routes –New trade rivals

64. Smaller States - under control of large state - under influence of large state - independent

65. Challenges between the 15 th & 18 th Centuries Political challenges –Incapable leadership –Corruption in the government –Over-dependence on mercenaries

69. Challenges between the 15 th & 18 th Centuries Social challenges More concerned about wealth Distanced from commoners Gap between the rich and poor widened Lavish parties & celebrations Gambling addiction

71. Sustaining progress in an ever- changing world Nation building Governance Relations with other states Sustaining economic development