2. BY ESPERANZA VERA R. FULL TIME PROFESSOR UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA NACIONAL

3. Listening for the general idea of a text (listening for gist ) What is the topic? What is the speaker doing? Describing/preparing? What is kind of building is described?

4. Listening for specifics Where are they? How does she keep fit?

5. Listening for main idea(s) or important information The main idea of the text is that: A.Means of transportation have evolved throughout time. B. Means of transportation have improved our lives. C. People are not happy with the means of transportation.

6. Determining the meaning of unknown vocabulary by analyzing the context. Find in the text the words used to describe these places. Use the context to help you out.

7. Determining people’s attitudes or intentions through intonation, rhythm or stress. (i.e. explain, report, describe, persuade, or reject other people’s ideas, etc.)

8. Inferring the speaker’s feelings toward the listener or the topic.

9. Inferring if a listener believes what the speaker is saying or not.

10. Notice the use of intonation to express different feelings or states of mind (i.e. enthusiasm, interest, sympathy, boredom, annoyance, disrespect, etc.)

11. Relate utterances to the social and situational context in which they are made… to go beyond the literal meaning and “read between the lines”.

12. Compare what is heard… with the student’s own contexts critically.