3. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

5. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

6. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

7. Jacksonian Democracy 3 White male suffrage increased 3 Party nominating committees 3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors 3 Spoils system 3 Rise of Third Parties 3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) 3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:  Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)  Democrats (1828)

9. Jackson ’ s First Hermitage Residence

10. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

11. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

13. The “ Common Man ’ s ” Presidential Candidate

14. Jackson ’ s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA]

15. Results of the 1824 Election A “ Corrupt Bargain? ”

17. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

18. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

19. 1828 Election Results

20. The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

21. The New “ Jackson Coalition ” 3 The Planter Elite in the South 3 People on the Frontier 3 State Politicians – spoils system 3 Immigrants in the cities.

22. Jackson ’ s Faith in the “ Common Man ” 3I3I3I3Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. 3H3H3H3His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” 3B3B3B3Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

23. The Reign of “ King Mob ”

24. Andrew Jackson as President

25. The Spoils System “ To the victor goes the spoils. ” Jackson Democratization  Increased participation in government (more outsiders brought in)  Shortening service of politicians decreases corruption Jackson ’ s Political Cronyism  Government became about loyalty to a candidate or party, not public service  Do people aid the candidate because they believe in him or want a job?

26. The “ Peggy Eaton Affair ”

27. The Kitchen Cabinet "the kitchen... predominate[s] over the Parlor." Jackson fired his cabinet over the Eaton Affair and replaced them with a number of unofficial advisers. Some of his Kitchen Cabinet … Martin Van Buren Roger B. Taney Jacksonian Democracy 1. Increased participation in gov ’ t 2.“ Common Man ” gov ’ t 3. precedent

29. Federal vs. States ’ Rights  10 th Amendment v. Supremacy Clause  Federalists v. Democratic-Republicans  Alien & Sedition Acts v. Kentucky/Virginia Resolutions (1798)  McCullough v. Maryland (1819)

30. Nullification Crisis 3 1828 --> “Tariff of Abomination” 3 South Carolina’s reaction? 3 John C. Calhoun’s “Exposition and Protest”

31. 18301830 Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

32. The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [Massachusetts] Sen. Robert Hayne [South Carolina] "made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people" States’ Rights

33. Nullification Crisis Jackson’s response?Jackson’s response? Clay’s “Compromise” TariffClay’s “Compromise” Tariff »Tariff of 1833 Force BillForce Bill “Yes, I have, please give my compliments to my friends in your state, and say to them, that if a single drop of blood shall be shed there in opposition to the laws of the United States, I will hang the first man I can lay my hand on engaged in such treasonable conduct, upon the first tree I can reach.”

35. Indian Removal 3 Jackson’s Goal? 3 1830  Indian Removal Act 3 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation” 3 Worcester v. GA (1832) 3 Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

36. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

37. Indian Removal

38. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

39. Jackson ’ s Professed “ Love ” for Native Americans

40. Jackson ’ s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830  Maysville Road project in KY

41. An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ”

43. The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

44. 1832 Election Results Main Issue?

45. The “ Monster ” Is Destroyed! 3 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States. 3 “pet banks” 3 1836  the charter expired. 3 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

46. The Downfall of “ Mother Bank ”

47. Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ 3s3s3s3supported rapid economic growth & speculation. 3u3u3u3unified the currency system, which therefore increased trade 3f3f3f3felt that coin was the only safe currency. 3d3d3d3didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. 3s3s3s3suspicious of expansion & speculation.

48. The Specie Circular (1836) 3 “wildcat banks” 3 buy future federal land only with gold or silver. 3 Jackson’s goal?

49. Classic Jackson Moment Leaving a funeral at the Capitol Building in 1835, the 67-year old Jackson was confronted by Richard Lawrence. Lawrence, an unemployed house painter, approached Jackson with a derringer in hand and fired from 13 feet away… A second gun was immediately produced… Jackson had to be pulled off Lawrence… Characters Involved (Directly or Indirectly) King Richard III Andrew Jackson Davy Crockett John C. Calhoun Henry Clay Odds: 1 in 125,000

50. Results of the Specie Circular $ Banknotes lose their value. $ Land sales plummeted. $ Credit not available. $ Businesses began to fail. $ Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

51. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

52. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

53. Andrew Jackson in Retirement

54. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 1767 - 1845 Jackson stated his only two missed opportunities were not being able to “ shoot Henry Clay or hang John C. Calhoun ”