1. Chapter 13
Using Visual Aids

2. To Do List: Discuss Details of Informative Speech Review Schedule
13/14 Today, Wednesday Workshop, Friday Speeches Start
When will we get the exam grades back?

3. 3 Advantages of Visual Aids
Clarity – clarify discussion of an idea by showing a picture or representation of it
Again, Perot charts
Interest – visual aids effectively generate interest
Picture books, text books?
Retention – visual images often are remembered longer than verbal ones
Examples? Total bowls… others?

4. Different Kinds of Visual Aids
Ultimate visual aid would be the object of the speech itself
UConn Fine Arts Building proposals?
Or you can use:
Models – built to scale (smaller/larger)
Photographs – only used enlarged
Drawings – diagrams, sketches, or maps
Graphs – for statistical trends (bar, line, pie)
Slides and Videotapes – vivid presentation
Computer-Generated Graphics
Transparencies
Multimedia Presentations – Powerpoint

5. 6 Guidelines for preparing visual aids
Prepare visual aids in advance
Time for creativity
Can then be used during practice
Keep visual aids simple
Ultimate goal is communication not art
Limit to manageable amount of information
Make sure visual aids are large enough
Useless if they can’t be seen
“I know some of you can’t see this, but…”

6. Guidelines for preparing visual aids
Use fonts that are easy to read
Font – a complete set of type of the same design
Avoid decorative fonts
Use Arial, Times New Roman or Courier New
Use a limited number of fonts
Book says no more than two per slide
Styles (bold, italic, underlined) can be used, but it is preferred not to use more than two font faces

7. Guidelines for preparing visual aids
Use color effectively
“When used effectively, it increases recognition by 78% and comprehension by 73%” (p. 329)
Color should only be varied for functional purposes
Highlighting
Distinguishing
Etc.

8. Tips for Presenting Visual Aids
Avoid using the chalkboard
Takes time
Does not look as neat and professional
Display visual aids where listeners can see them
Examine classroom prior to speech to determine best location
Don’t stand in front of them

9. Tips for Presenting Visual Aids
Avoid passing visual aids among the audience
The IS distracting
Handouts generally compete with the speech for audience attention
Display visual aids only while discussing them
Stats: Multiple Regression; Orwell

10. Tips for Presenting Visual Aids
Talk to your audience, not to your visual aid
Feedback
Always face your audience when talking
Explain visual aids clearly and concisely
Most aids should be translated for the audience
Describe the aid to the audience, not just “as you can see”
Practice with your visual aids
example

11. Chapter 14
Speaking to Inform

12. The Informative Speech
A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding
Judgment by peers will result from three general criteria:
Is the information communicated accurately?
Is the information communicated clearly?
Is the information made meaningful and interesting to the audience?

13. 4 Types of Informative Speeches
Speeches about Objects
Anything that is visible, tangible and stable in form
Specific Purpose example: To inform my audience about the social functions of comic strips
Speeches about Processes
A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product
Specific Purpose example: To inform my audience how to create their own Web pages

14. 4 Types of Informative Speeches
Speeches about Events
Anything that happens or is regarded as happening
Specific Purpose example: To inform my audience about what happened at the Battle of Little Big Horn
Speeches about Concepts
A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like
Specific Purpose example: To inform my audience about the doctrine of original intent in constitutional interpretation

15. Guidelines for Informative Speaking
Don’t overestimate what the audience knows
How to make a PB & J sandwich
Relate the subject directly to the audience
A speech is measured by its impact on a particular audience
Bush’s UN speech: Is the UN useful?

16. Guidelines for Informative Speaking
Don’t be too technical
Avoid Jargon
The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group
Avoid Abstractions
Three options:
Description
Comparison
Contrast
Personalize your ideas
To present one’s ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience

17.
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