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4. Islam Early Islamic Society Introduction to Islamic Art Islamic Art > Introduction to Islamic Art Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/art- history?campaign_content=book_185_section_80&campaign_term=Art+History&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=b oundless

5. Islamic art is not art of a specific religion, time, place, or of a single medium. Instead it spans some 1400 years, covers many lands and populations, and includes a range of artistic fields including architecture, calligraphy, painting, glass, ceramics, and textiles, among others. Apart from the ever-present calligraphic inscriptions, specifically religious art is actually less prominent in Islamic art than in Western medieval art, with the exception of Islamic architecture where mosques and their complexes of surrounding buildings are the most common remains. Islamic art developed from many sources: Roman, early Christian art, and Byzantine styles; Sassanian art of pre-Islamic Persia; Central Asian styles brought by various nomadic incursions; and Chinese influences on Islamic painting, pottery, and textiles. Islamic art has focused on the depiction of patterns and Arabic calligraphy, rather than on figures, because it is feared by many Muslims that the depiction of the human form is idolatry, and thereby a sin against God, forbidden in the Qur'an. Islam Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/islamic-art-11/introduction-to-islamic-art-80/islam-405- 5722?campaign_content=book_185_section_80&campaign_term=Art+History&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bou ndless A Calligraphic Panel by Mustafa Râkim (late 18th - early 19th century) which reads: "God, there is no god but He, the Lord of His prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the Lord of all that has been created" View on Boundless.com Islamic Art > Introduction to Islamic Art

6. Islam denounced aristocratic privilege, rejected hierarchy, and adopted a formula of the career open to the talents. Although equality in Islam was restricted to free adult male Muslims, even that represented a very considerable advance on the practice of both the Greco- Roman and the ancient Iranian world. The Constitution of Medina was drawn up with the explicit concern of bringing an end to bitter, inter-tribal fighting. It also instituted a number of rights and responsibilities for the Muslim, Jewish, and pagan communities of Medina, uniting them in one community—the Ummah. Early Islamic Society Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/islamic-art-11/introduction-to-islamic-art-80/early-islamic-society- 406- 7664?campaign_content=book_185_section_80&campaign_term=Art+History&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bou ndless Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (the Mosque of the Prophet) in Medina, Saudi Arabia, is the 2nd most sacred Mosque in Islam. View on Boundless.com Islamic Art > Introduction to Islamic Art

7. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

8. Key terms Caliphate "Dominion of a caliph ('successor')" (from the Arabic خ or khilāfa, Turkish: Hilafet), referring to the first system of government established in Islam, which represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah. idolatry The worship of idols. Islam An Abrahamic and monotheistic religion that tanslates as "submission" and originated with the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad; its followers are Muslim. monotheistic Believing in a single god, deity, spirit, etc., especially for an organized religion, faith, or creed. Muhammad (570 - 632) The prophet who founded Islam, revealing the Qur'an. Qu'ran The central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be the verbatim word of God (Arabic: ا, Allah). It is widely regarded as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Islamic Art

9. A Calligraphic Panel by Mustafa Râkim (late 18th - early 19th century) which reads: "God, there is no god but He, the Lord of His prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the Lord of all that has been created" Islamic art has focused on the depiction of patterns and Arabic calligraphy, rather than on figures, because it is feared by many Muslims that the depiction of the human form is idolatry. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Mustafa Rakim, calligraphic panel." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mustafa_Rakim,_calligraphic_panel.jpg View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mustafa_Rakim,_calligraphic_panel.jpgView on Boundless.com Islamic Art

10. Arabesque Inlays at the Mughal Agra Fort, India Geometrical designs in repetition, know as Arabesque, are used in Islamic art to symbolize the transcendent, indivisible, and infinite nature of God. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "RedFortAgra-Musamman-Burj-20080211-2." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RedFortAgra-Musamman-Burj-20080211-2.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RedFortAgra-Musamman-Burj-20080211-2.jpgView on Boundless.com Islamic Art

11. Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (the Mosque of the Prophet) in Medina, Saudi Arabia, is the 2nd most sacred Mosque in Islam. Medina was the power base of Islam in its first century. It was where the early Muslim community (ummah) developed under the Prophet's leadership, then under the leadership of the first four caliphs of Islam: Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman, and Ali. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Madina Haram at evening." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Madina_Haram_at_evening_.jpg View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Madina_Haram_at_evening_.jpgView on Boundless.com Islamic Art

12. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Islamic Art Which of the following is LEAST common to Islamic art? A) calligraphy B) portaiture C) arabesque D) patterns

13. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Islamic Art Which of the following is LEAST common to Islamic art? A) calligraphy B) portaiture C) arabesque D) patterns

14. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Islamic Art Which of the following did early Islamic society NOT promote? A) social equality B) monotheism C) freedom of religion D) jihad against Christians

15. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Islamic Art Which of the following did early Islamic society NOT promote? A) social equality B) monotheism C) freedom of religion D) jihad against Christians

16. Attribution Wikipedia. "Islamic art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_artCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_art Wikipedia. "Islam." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IslamCC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam Wikipedia. "Five Pillars of Islam." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_IslamCC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam Wiktionary. "monotheistic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monotheisticCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monotheistic Wiktionary. "idolatry." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/idolatryCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/idolatry Wikipedia. "Qu'ran." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu'ranCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu'ran Wikipedia. "Early social changes under Islam." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_social_changes_under_IslamCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_social_changes_under_Islam Wiktionary. "Muhammad." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/MuhammadCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Muhammad Wiktionary. "Islam." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/IslamCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Islam Wikipedia. "Caliphate." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CaliphateCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Islamic Art