1. The Nervous System Structures and Control

2. Central Nervous System Already know it consists of the brain and spinal cord Both are bathed in the cerebrospinal fluid ◦ Both protects and nourishes This is encased in the meninges – three layers of connective tissue

3. Parts of the Human Brain Thalamus Pineal gland Cerebellum Spinal cord Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Cerebrum Brain stem Pons Medulla oblongata

4. Cerebrum Largest section, made of many folded regions called fissures (why?) Longitudinal central fissure runs through the middle, dividing the brain into hemispheres Right and left connected by corpus callosum Controls voluntary actions Further divided into four lobes

6. Each lobe has specific controls

7. Outer portion is the cerebral cortex, made of grey matter Inner portion is made of white matter Consists of glial cells and myelinated axons Glial cells outnumber neurons and perform custodial roles ◦ Form myelin ◦ Provide nutirents ◦ Regulate extracellular material

10. Cerebellum Aka the “little brain” Responsible for coordination of motor functions Also involved in language (although poorly understood) Brain Stem Two parts: pons and medulla oblongata Mediates flow between body and brain Medulla

11. Thalamus Receives and relays information from spine to appropriate area of cerebrum Hypothalamus Connection between endocrine system and nervous system Spinal Cord Main highway system to central hub that is the brain

12. Peripheral Nervous System Divided into two parts: somatic and autonomic Somatic said to be under voluntary control ◦ Though it involves sensory neurons and motor neurons connected to skeletal muscle Autonomic can be thought of as “automatic” Actions that are involuntary

13. Further divided into two sections: sympathetic and parasympathetic Perform opposite roles in body Sym vs para