1. The Thirteen Colonies: Southern Colonies Pages 112-117

2. The Southern Colonies Maryland Maryland Virginia Virginia North Carolina North Carolina South Carolina South Carolina Georgia Georgia

3. Soil and Climate The Southern coast is full of rivers, bays, and wetlands, known as the TIDEWATER ( the water rises and falls each day with the tides). warm Weather is warm most of the year. Growing season is 7 to 8 months. richfertilerain. Soil is rich and fertile and there is plenty of rain.

4. The Waterways are Useful Colonists used the waterways in the tidewater to ship crops to markets in other towns and countries. Tidewater ends at the FALL LINE, about 100 miles inland. The fall line is along the eastern edge of the Appalachian Mountains. The water from this steeper land flows down to the lower land resulting in lots of waterfalls.

5. The Backcountry Land beyond the fall line was known as the BACKCOUNTRY. It was steep and covered with forests. Few settlers went there. Those who did had small farms, and most hunted or fished for their food.

6. Virginia-Largest/Wealthiest English Colony plantations cash crops Virginia had the first permanent English settlement. Early settlers came to search for gold, but when no gold was found, they started plantations on the rich soil of the tidewater. Tobacco and rice were cash crops.

7. Virginia settlers created the 1 st elected legislature in the colonies, the House of Burgesses. Since most of the members were from the Anglican church, they made it the official religion of the colony and those of other religions had to move to other colonies.

8. Maryland-A Colony for Catholics Catholics. founded governor Lord Baltimore, ( George Calvert ) was a Catholic who dreamed of starting a colony for Catholics. King Charles II gave him land north of Virginia along the Chesapeake Bay. His son, Cecilius actually founded the colony, and his brother, Leonard became the 1 st governor. business The colony was run as a business with large tobacco farms and a busy port city named Baltimore. The Toleration Act of 1649 allowed for religious freedom in the colony so that the Protestants and Catholics would get along.

9. It’s Finer in Carolina! During the late 1600’s England, France and Spain were all claiming land south of Virginia. King Charles II of England gave 8 proprietors a charter to found Carolina in 1663 hoping to keep France and Spain out of the area. Charles Town, its first big city was a center for agriculture and trade.

10. Plantations PLANTATIONS. Wealthy colonists built PLANTATIONS. Plantations are large farms that grow one main cash crop such as rice, tobacco, and indigo. cash crop A cash crop is a crop that is grown to be sold for a profit. Indigo Indigo is a plant that is used to make blue dye (add these three definition to your vocabulary chart)

11. Plantation Jobs: 1. Working in the fields 2. Doing laundry 3. Carpentry 4. Blacksmithing 5. Working in the flour mill 6. Taking care of animals 7. Household servant

12. One Carolina- Two Different Worlds The Southern part of Carolina: Good farmland Cash crops Cash crops ( rice )grew well in the coastal lowlands Many excellent harbors. Charles Town Charles Town (named after King Charles II) one of the largest and wealthiest cities in the Southern colonies

13. One Becomes Two Northern part of Carolina: Land wasn’t as good for farming Grew tobacco & sold forest products such as timber & tar Few harbors for trade In 1729, the colony of Carolina was divided into two colonies-North Carolina and South Carolina.

14. A Home for Debtors? DEBTORS or people who owed money they could not repay(add General James Oglethorpe thought that it was a better idea to put DEBTORS or people who owed money they could not repay(add this definition to your vocabulary chart) to work in the colonies rather than send them to jail. Instead of using slaves, debtors could make products like silk which was very expensive to produce.

15. Georgia Gets Its Start King George II liked this idea, plus the idea of a military man running a colony that could protect the other English colonies from French to the west, and Spanish in the south. 1n 1732, a group of 116 left London to sail to the newest colony, Georgia, named for King George II. The silk industry failed. Few debtors came to the colony, but Georgia did grow and expand.

16. The Creek Help Oglethorpe A Creek group, the Yamacraw, lived in the area where Oglethorpe wanted to build his first settlement, Savannah.Oglethorpe was able to obtain the land from their chief, Tomochichi, who also helped the colonists have good relations with the other area tribes. Mary Musgrove served as a translator. Her mother was from a powerful Creek family and her father was English, so she could speak both languages. She helped the settlers understand the Creek language and customs.

17. So Who Came to Settle in Georgia? Free land religious Free land and religious freedom for Protestants were promised to those settled in Georgia. Britain GermanySwitzerland Poor people from Britain looking for a better life came as well as religious refugees from Germany, and Switzerland. The colony of Georgia soon had the largest percentage of Non-British settlers compared to any of the other English colonies.

18. Georgia – last Colony to Legalize Slavery Until 1750, Georgia was the only colony that did not allow slavery, but as the farmers switched to cash crops, they needed more workers, and slaves were smuggled in from South Carolina, After slavery became legal, the slave populations grew tremendously. Within 25 years there were 18,000 enslaved Africans in Georgia.

19. Slave Revolts in the South South Carolina-1739 An enslaved African named Jemmy and about 20 followers stole guns and gunpowder from a warehouse in Stono, S.C. They killed several colonists and marched down the road with a banner that read “Liberty”. As many as 100 slaves joined their march. They hoped to reach St. Augustine, Florida where they were promised freedom by the Spanish. A mob of plantation owners from South Carolina attacked and killed about 40 of the rebels, ending the revolt.

20. Definitions Plantation-a large farm that grows one crop as a cash crop. Indigo- a plant used to make blue dye Debtor- a person who owes money but cannot repay it.