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Pest Control Chapter 12 APES January 2007
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Objectives: Define the major types of pesticides Describe the pests they are meant to control Outline the history of pest control
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What are Pests? A pest is something that: annoys us Detracts from resources we value Interferes with a pursuit we enjoy Biological Pests: organisms that reduce the availability, quality or value of resources useful to humans.
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Annoying defined What does it mean to be annoying?
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DAMAGE! 100 plants, animals, fungi, and microbes cause 90% of all crop damage worldwide.
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Pests are Generalists: Opportunistic Reproduce rapidly Migrate quickly to disturbed areas Pioneers in ecological succession Compete against specialized endemic species Can take over a biotic community
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What is a pesticide? A chemical that kills pests.
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Types of Pesticides Biocide: kills a broad range of living things Herbicides: kill plants Insecticides: kill insects Fungicides: kill fungi
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Defining Pesticides: Mode of dispersal How is is put out there? Mode of action How does it kill?
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History of Pest Control We have always used chemicals of some sort……. But now it’s quite prevalent since the 50’s.
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Early Ways to Control Pests Salt Smoke insect-repelling plants
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Sumerians: killed bugs with sulfur 5000 yrs ago
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Chinese Mercury and arsenic to control body lice 2500 years ago
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Greeks and Romans Used oil sprays, ash and sulfur ointments, lime, and other things to protect crops and livestock from pestilence
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Alcohol Fermentation protecting foods during pickling to protect it from bacteria and fungus
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Spices Valued for flavors and the ability to deter pests and spoilage
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mechanical methods The Romans: Burned crops Rotates fields
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Biological controls Plant derived insecticides Predatory ants in orchards Ducks and geese to eat insects
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Synthetics Man made chemicals, partner!
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DDT Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane Developed by Swiss Chemist Paul Muller (nobel peace prize in 1948 for it!) Used to control the potato beetle in Switzerland Saved soldiers in WWII from disease
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DDT: the wonder chemical Cheap, stable, soluble oil Highly toxic to insects, safe for mammals Can save a crop when bugs are already established 90% effective with one application Sprayed on houses and people, livestock and crops, used to combat insects all over the world
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