1. Pest Control Chapter 12 APES January 2007

2. Objectives: Define the major types of pesticides Describe the pests they are meant to control Outline the history of pest control

3. What are Pests? A pest is something that: annoys us Detracts from resources we value Interferes with a pursuit we enjoy Biological Pests: organisms that reduce the availability, quality or value of resources useful to humans.

4. Annoying defined What does it mean to be annoying?

5. DAMAGE! 100 plants, animals, fungi, and microbes cause 90% of all crop damage worldwide.

6. Pests are Generalists: Opportunistic Reproduce rapidly Migrate quickly to disturbed areas Pioneers in ecological succession Compete against specialized endemic species Can take over a biotic community

7. What is a pesticide? A chemical that kills pests.

8. Types of Pesticides Biocide: kills a broad range of living things Herbicides: kill plants Insecticides: kill insects Fungicides: kill fungi

9. Defining Pesticides: Mode of dispersal How is is put out there? Mode of action How does it kill?

10. History of Pest Control We have always used chemicals of some sort……. But now it’s quite prevalent since the 50’s.

11. Early Ways to Control Pests Salt Smoke insect-repelling plants

12. Sumerians: killed bugs with sulfur 5000 yrs ago

13. Chinese Mercury and arsenic to control body lice 2500 years ago

14. Greeks and Romans Used oil sprays, ash and sulfur ointments, lime, and other things to protect crops and livestock from pestilence

15. Alcohol Fermentation protecting foods during pickling to protect it from bacteria and fungus

16. Spices Valued for flavors and the ability to deter pests and spoilage

17. mechanical methods The Romans: Burned crops Rotates fields

18. Biological controls Plant derived insecticides Predatory ants in orchards Ducks and geese to eat insects

19. Synthetics Man made chemicals, partner!

20. DDT Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane Developed by Swiss Chemist Paul Muller (nobel peace prize in 1948 for it!) Used to control the potato beetle in Switzerland Saved soldiers in WWII from disease

21. DDT: the wonder chemical Cheap, stable, soluble oil Highly toxic to insects, safe for mammals Can save a crop when bugs are already established 90% effective with one application Sprayed on houses and people, livestock and crops, used to combat insects all over the world