1. 1700s-1800s

2. Objective: What is the Enlightenment? What is Divine Right? What is the Scientfic Revolution

3. The Age of Enlightenment The Enlightenment, a philosophical movement beginning in France Uses reason and logic to fix social problems

4. The Age of Enlightenment Many of the United States' Founding Fathers were heavily influenced by Enlightenment-era ideas:(1600s-1800s)Founding Fathers influenced (separation of church and state) (U.S. Bill of RightsBill of Rights

5. Review: What was the Scientific Revolution? Heavily influenced by the Scientific Revolution in Europe during the 1600s Scientific Revolution: the time period where scientists in Europe began to observe, hypothesize, and experiment to reach conclusions about the natural world Challenged prevailing religious beliefs and the Catholic Church’s authority on all things relating to the natural world: Ex Galileo was kicked out from the Church for arguing that the Earth revolved around the sun instead of other way around Developed the Scientific Method

6. Philosophes Enlightenment philosophers who met to discuss reason, logic, rationale, and how to solve social problems believed in using the scientific method to solve social problems were against Divine Right and believed the people are the source of government’s power met in underground clubs called Salons

7. Classwork Evidence Guide Take out a sheet of paper. Open up your blue World History book to page 171 Read each statement on the Evidence Guide. 1. Find the page and paragraph and look for a sentence similar to the evidence statement. 2. If it is correct, write “agree” and write down the statement from the textbook. 3. If it is false, write “agree” and write down the statement from the textbook.

8. Who Were the Philosophes So Mad at? King Louis XIV of France (1643-1715) “The Sun King”

9. Ruled France as an absolute monarch Believed his kingdom revolved around him  “The Sun King”

10. Lived a rich life funded by making his people pay heavy taxes Most of his people lived in poverty with not enough to eat

11. Believed in Divine Right: Believed God made him king so he was only responsible to answer to God

12. Palace of Versailles Became the French capital 12 miles outside of Paris Really angered the Philosophes Built 1671-1682 by King Louis XIV Shows how out of touch and insincere King Louis XIV was towards his subjects

13. Classwork Finish Evidence Guide Video: King Louis XIV

14. Thomas Hobbes ● 1588-1679 ● British Philosopher ● Believed humans were naturally evil

15. Thomas Hobbes Belief: People make decisions for themselves and not for others Monarchy is the best way to rule because a king can protect people from each other (Humans not capable of self rule)

16. Hobbes: Leviathan and Social Contract Wrote Leviathan 1651 The only way to not go into war was to have a STRONG RULER. Hobbes’ Social Contract: people give up their rights to a ruler in exchange for protection, law, and order. People do not have the right to rebel

17. Classwork Philosophers Chart Thomas Hobbes Textbook Activity Think Through History Questions A-G (page 171-175) Exit Ticket

18. 1. What is the Enlightenment? 2. What is Hobbes view of people? 3. Describes Hobbes’ Social Contract

19. John Locke 1632-1704 British Philosopher Believed all people were born with 3 natural rights (Life, Liberty, Property)

20. John Locke Believed people are born with minds as a blank slate (EMPTY)to be filled up: not naturally good or bad Believed it was human nature to want to figure things out and to want to make sense of the world around them Disagreed with Hobbes that people are naturally wicked

21. Locke’s 3 Natural Rights Locke believed all people born with 3 Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, and Property Locke’s Natural Rights heavily influenced America’s founders Natural Rights included in US Declaration of Independence (Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness)

22. Jean Jacque Rousseau ● Swiss Philosopher ● 1712-1778 ● Also had a “Social Contract” ● Wrote The Social Contract Book in 1762

23. Rousseau Believed humans were naturally good and corrupted by society, not the other way around (as Hobbes believed) Believed society forces people to compete brining out the worst in people Believed government forces people to distrust each other and takes freedoms away

24. Rousseau Believed modern technology made people too dependent on one another Believed dependency created inequality, social classes, division

25. Rousseau’s Social Contract The Social Contract: published 1762 Believed that the people are the source of government powers Government’s job was to help people If government did not do its job people had the right to rebel

26. Classwork Work on Philosophers Chart Rousseau Textbook “Philosophers” Think Through History Questions A-G (page 171-175)

27. Review: Hobbes’ & Rousseau's Social Contracts Hobbes People are naturally wicked People need to surrender their independence to an absolute leader in exchange for law and order People do not have the right to rebel Rousseau People start out good and become corrupted by society People are the source of government’s power Government needs to help people People can rebel if leaders fail to do their job

28. Baron Montesquieu 1689-1755 French Philosopher Believed government’s power needs to be checked

29. Baron Montesquieu Believed in 3 types of governments : ● Monarchies: ruled by king guided by honor ● Republics: ruled by elected leaders guided by virtue ● Despotisms: ruled by dictators guided by fear

30. Baron Montesquieu Separation of Powers Power had to be divided into different branches Checks and balances are necessary to keep one branch from becoming too powerful People needed protection from government becoming too powerful Influence the US 3 Branches of Gov’t included in US Constitution

31. Separation of Powers (Checks and Balances)

32. What does this mean? "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend, to the death, your right to say it."

33. Voltaire 1694-1778 French Philosopher Supporter of individual liberties

34. Voltaire Believed that religion was too constricting Was opposed to organized religions that criticizes other faiths and practitioners But did believe in freedom of religion

35. Voltaire Supported right to a fair trial Influenced leaders of the French Revolution Against censorship (What is censorship?) Take away freedom of speech

36. Classwork Video: Schoolhouse Rock Checks and Balances Montesquieu and Voltaire Philosopher Chart Philosopher Collage

37. Classwork Philosophers Chart Montesquieu Textbook “Philosophers” DUE TODAY Think Through History Questions A-G (page 171-175)

38. Mary Wollstonecraft 1759-1797 British philosopher, author, and feminist

39. Mary Wollstonecraft 1792 wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Argued women are not naturally inferior to men; they just suffer from lack of educational opportunities

40. Mary Wollstonecraft Argued that men and women should be treated as equal beings Argued that social order should be determined by reason (usefulness) not by gender, race, wealth, etc.

41. Mary Wollstonecraft Argued that society trains women to be weak and more concerned with their superficial looks than contributions to society Argued that women should receive the same type and quality of education as men Argued it was a problem that men were so comfortable with treating women as inferiors

42. Mary Wollstonecraft Argued that proper education for women will solve their problems Argued women must be given the opportunity to participate in the public sphere as much as the private sphere Most Enlightenment Philosophes did not agree with her about the roles of women and education for women She was a feminist long before it was acceptable She inspired numerous later generations of feminists in numerous countries

43. Cesare Beccaria

44. Queen Elizabeth I (“The Virgin Queen”) 1533-1603 Was Queen of England Most powerful Queen in European History Believed in Divine Right

45. Queen Elizabeth I (“The Virgin Queen”) Believed in Divine Right but believed her subjects were like her children and she had to take care of them Never got married or had children: challenged the popular belief that women had to marry

46. Queen Elizabeth I (“The Virgin Queen”) Even though she believed in Divine Right she still saw the need to rule with reason She settled decades-long religious tension in England (Catholics vs. Protestants) The Philosophes saw her as an inspiration to other monarchs: be an Enlightened ruler