1.  Orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem.  Follows a predictable, orderly pattern. (Think about your bedroom…)  Two types: Primary and Secondary

2.  Step 1 - Bare rock (0-1 years) Lichens grow on the bare rock. As they die, the decaying lichens form soil so moss can grow. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/veg/

3.  Step 2 - Grassland (2-4 years) Grasses and other small plants grow, out-competing the mosses for sunlight. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/veg/

4.  Step 3 - Transitional or shrub (5-20 years) Small shrubs such as dogwood and sumac begin to dominate.

5.  Step 4 - Coniferous Forest (20-100 years) Pines and fir trees begin to shade out the smaller shrubs http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/veg/

6. Pine forest

7.  Step 5 - Deciduous Forest (100-200 years) Large, slow-growing trees such as oak, maple and hickory replace the pines.

8.  Succession that occurs after a community is disrupted by natural disasters or human activity. Examples = fire, flood… *Occurs in a shorter amount of time because soil and sometimes seeds present.

9. Jack Pines (boreal forests – Canada/Russia)

10. Now Yellowstone National Park (after a 1988 forest fire)

11. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/veg/

12.  Step 1: Bare rock – lichen – moss – soil making  Step 2: Grasslands  Step 3: Shrubbery/Transitional  Step 4: Coniferous trees  Step 5: Deciduous trees Why do you think some forests remain coniferous and do not transition to deciduous?

13.  Where does primary succession happen? Totally new bare rock.  When does secondary succession begin? After a fire/flood/landslide/natural disaster.  So, what step is not necessary for secondary succession that is a part of primary succession? Step 1: Creating soil