1. Chapter 12: Solids
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2. Muller's micrograph, shown in the chapter-opener photo reveals
a peek at actual atoms.
the positions of atoms.
X-ray patterns.
All of the above.
Answer: B) the positions of atoms.
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3. Muller's micrograph, shown in the chapter-opener photo reveals
a peek at actual atoms.
the positions of atoms.
X-ray patterns.
All of the above.
Answer: B) the positions of atoms.
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4. The crystals that make up minerals are composed of
atoms with a definite geometrical arrangement.
molecules that perpetually move.
X-ray patterns.
three-dimensional chessboards.
Answer: A) atoms with a definite geometrical arrangement.
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5. The crystals that make up minerals are composed of
atoms with a definite geometrical arrangement.
molecules that perpetually move.
X-ray patterns.
three-dimensional chessboards.
Explanation: Not all crystals are arranged like three-dimensional chessboards.
Answer: A) atoms with a definite geometrical arrangement.
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6. Atoms in a crystal are held together by
electrical bonding forces.
nuclear forces.
an absence of Brownian motion.
a sort of atomic "glue."
Answer: A) electrical bonding forces.
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7. Atoms in a crystal are held together by
electrical bonding forces.
nuclear forces.
an absence of Brownian motion.
a sort of atomic "glue."
Answer: A) electrical bonding forces.
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8. Which of these has the greatest density?
10 kg of concrete
2 kg of concrete
3 kg of iron
1 g of lead
Answer: D) 1 g of lead
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9. Which of these has the greatest density?
10 kg of concrete
2 kg of concrete
3 kg of iron
1 g of lead
Answer: D) 1 g of lead
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10. When a given mass of water freezes, it undergoes a
decrease in density.
increase in density.
decrease in volume.
None of the above.
Answer: A) decrease in density.
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11. When a given mass of water freezes, it undergoes a
decrease in density.
increase in density.
decrease in volume.
None of the above.
Answer: A) decrease in density.
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12. An elastic material is one in which
stretch is achieved for relatively small forces.
original shape is restored when a deforming force is removed.
when dropped, bouncing to practically the same height is achieved.
internal tensions are relatively small.
Answer: B) original shape is restored when a deforming force is removed.
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13. An elastic material is one in which
stretch is achieved for relatively small forces.
original shape is restored when a deforming force is removed.
when dropped, bouncing to practically the same height is achieved.
internal tensions are relatively small.
Answer: B) original shape is restored when a deforming force is removed.
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14. According to Hooke's law, if you hang by a tree branch and note how much it bends, then hanging with twice the weight normally produces
half the bend.
the same bend.
twice the bend.
four times the bend.
Answer: C) twice the bend.
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15. According to Hooke's law, if you hang by a tree branch and note how much it bends, then hanging with twice the weight normally produces
half the bend.
the same bend.
twice the bend.
four times the bend.
Explanation: F ~ ∆x; so twice the F means twice the ∆x.
Answer: C) twice the bend.
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16. A pair of vertical springs, side-by-side, equally support a 20-N load
A pair of vertical springs, side-by-side, equally support a 20-N load. If the load is doubled and the elastic limit of the springs is not reached, then the tension in each spring will be
10 N.
15 N.
20 N.
40 N.
Answer: C) 20 N.
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17. A pair of vertical springs, side-by-side, equally support a 20-N load
A pair of vertical springs, side-by-side, equally support a 20-N load. If the load is doubled and the elastic limit of the springs is not reached, then the tension in each spring will be
10 N.
15 N.
20 N.
40 N.
Explanation: Tension in each spring supporting the 20-N load will be 10 N. Doubling the load doubles each tension to 20 N.
Answer: C) 20 N.
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18. When you sit in the middle of a horizontal bench supported at its ends, the top side of the bench is
under tension and the bottom side under compression.
compressed and the bottom is stretched.
compressed and the neutral region in between is compressed.
All of these.
Answer: B) compressed and the bottom is stretched.
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19. When you sit in the middle of a horizontal bench supported at its ends, the top side of the bench is
under tension and the bottom side under compression.
compressed and the bottom is stretched.
compressed and the neutral region in between is compressed.
All of these.
Answer: B) compressed and the bottom is stretched.
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20. The shape that has the greatest strength in construction is the
circle.
rectangle.
triangle.
square.
Answer: C) triangle.
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21. The shape that has the greatest strength in construction is the
circle.
rectangle.
triangle.
square.
Answer: C) triangle.
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22. Opposite flanges in a properly positioned horizontal I-beam supported at each end undergo
tension in the top and compression in the bottom flange.
compression in the top and tension in the bottom flange.
both compression and tension in both top and bottom flanges.
compression only in both top and bottom.
Answer: B) compression in the top and tension in the bottom flange.
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23. Opposite flanges in a properly positioned horizontal I-beam supported at each end undergo
tension in the top and compression in the bottom flange.
compression in the top and tension in the bottom flange.
both compression and tension in both top and bottom flanges.
compression only in both top and bottom.
Answer: B) compression in the top and tension in the bottom flange.
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24. The strength of a stone arch is due to
tension between adjacent stones.
compression between adjacent stones.
Both of these.
None of these.
Answer: B) compression between adjacent stones.
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25. The strength of a stone arch is due to
tension between adjacent stones.
compression between adjacent stones.
Both of these.
None of these.
Answer: B) compression between adjacent stones.
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26. Most of the stone arches built by people in ancient times took the shape of a
parabola.
semicircle.
catenary.
hyperbola.
Answer: B) semicircle.
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27. Most of the stone arches built by people in ancient times took the shape of a
parabola.
semicircle.
catenary.
hyperbola.
Answer: B) semicircle.
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28. The catenary idea was central in the design of the
temples of ancient Greece.
Roman aqueducts.
Gateway Arch in St. Louis.
All of these.
Answer: C) Gateway Arch in St. Louis.
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29. The catenary idea was central in the design of the
temples of ancient Greece.
Roman aqueducts.
Gateway Arch in St. Louis.
All of these.
Answer: C) Gateway Arch in St. Louis.
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30. Which of these has more combined surface area?
1 kg of grapes
1 kg of raisins
1 kg of potatoes
1 kg of squash
Answer: B) 1 kg of raisins
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31. Which of these has more combined surface area?
1 kg of grapes
1 kg of raisins
1 kg of potatoes
1 kg of squash
Answer: B) 1 kg of raisins
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32. Suppose you scale up a model machine by a factor of 3
Suppose you scale up a model machine by a factor of 3. Then its volume is
9 times as much and its surface area 3 times as much.
9 times as much and its surface area is 27 times as much.
27 times as much and its surface area is 9 times as much.
tripled and its surface area is 9 times as much.
Answer: C) 27 times as much and its surface area is 9 times as much.
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33. Suppose you scale up a model machine by a factor of 3
Suppose you scale up a model machine by a factor of 3. Then its volume is
9 times as much and its surface area 3 times as much.
9 times as much and its surface area is 27 times as much.
27 times as much and its surface area is 9 times as much.
tripled and its surface area is 9 times as much.
Explanation: Remember the rule: When something is scaled upward, area increases as the square of the increase (3 in this case) and volume as the cube of the increase.
Answer: C) 27 times as much and its surface area is 9 times as much.
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34. When you scale up an object to four times its linear size, the surface area increases by
4 and the volume by 8.
4 and the volume by 16.
16 and the volume by 64.
None of these.
Answer: D) None of these.
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35. When you scale up an object to four times its linear size, the surface area increases by
4 and the volume by 8.
4 and the volume by 16.
16 and the volume by 64.
None of these.
Explanation: When something is scaled upward by 4, area increases as the square of the increase, 42 = 16, and volume by the cube, 43 = 256 (not 64!). So none of these is correct.
Answer: D) None of these.
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36. Four small spheres of mercury coalesce to form a single sphere
Four small spheres of mercury coalesce to form a single sphere. Compared with the combined surface area of the smaller spheres, the surface of the big sphere is
less.
more.
the same.
None of the above.
Answer: A) less.
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37. Four small spheres of mercury coalesce to form a single sphere
Four small spheres of mercury coalesce to form a single sphere. Compared with the combined surface area of the smaller spheres, the surface of the big sphere is
less.
more.
the same.
None of the above.
Answer: A) less.
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38. If Alice in Wonderland shrinks to one-tenth her size, the ratio of her surface area/volume will
increase.
decrease.
remain the same.
None of the above.
Answer: A) increase.
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39. If Alice in Wonderland shrinks to one-tenth her size, the ratio of her surface area/volume will
increase.
decrease.
remain the same.
None of the above.
Explanation: Although both her surface area and volume decrease, the ratio surface area/volume increases. See Figure in the book.
Answer: A) increase.
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40. The effects of scaling are beneficial to small creatures
that get wet.
that fall from great heights.
who are hungry.
All of the above.
Answer: B) that fall from great heights.
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41. The effects of scaling are beneficial to small creatures
that get wet.
that fall from great heights.
who are hungry.
All of the above.
Answer: B) that fall from great heights.
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