1. DSI* Dipole Shear Sonic Imager

2. 13 ft Cartridge 18 ft Receiver section 42 in. 3.5 ft 16.5 ft
9 ft to
monopole
transmitter
11 ft to
upper dipole
11.5 ft to
lower dipole
Transmitter section
16.5 ft
3.5 ft
18 ft
13 ft
42 in.
6 in.
Cartridge

3. Wave Propagation
At Rest
Compressional
Shear

4. Sin 1 = C1 / C2
Sin 1 = Vmud / VFormation

5. Hard Formation — Monopole
Wellbore
Compressional
wave
Hard Formation — Monopole
Head waves
Formation
Shear
wave
Fluid wave
Omnidirectional source
Compressional
wave
Shear
wave
Stoneley
wave

6. Fast Formation —Monopole
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Compressional
body wave
Fast Formation —Monopole
Compressional
head waves
Shear head wave
Shear body wave
Compressional: 76 sec/ft
Shear: 139 sec/ft
Fluid: 200 sec/ft
Borehole diameter: 10 in.
Time: 1 msec
Source: 12-kHz monopole
0.0
0.5
1.0

7. Soft Formation — Monopole
Wellbore
Formation
Soft Formation — Monopole
Compressional
wave
Head wave
Fluid wave
Omnidirectional source
Shear
wave
Compressional
wave
Stoneley
wave

8. Slow Formation— Monopole
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Compressional
body wave
Slow Formation— Monopole
Compressional
head wave
Fluid modes
Compressional
head wave
Fluid head wave
Shear head wave absent
Compressional: 157 sec/ft
Shear: 300 sec/ft
Fluid: 200 sec/ft
Borehole diameter: 12 in.
Time: 2 msec
Source: 12-kHz monopole
Sin 1 = Vmud / VFormation
0.0
0.5
1.0

9. DSI Transducer Propagation Borehole Mud Mud Transmitter Flexural Wave
Displacement

10. Soft Formation — Dipole
Wellbore
Formation
Compressional
wave
Soft Formation — Dipole
Head wave
Shear
wave
Flexural wave
Directional source
Compressional
wave
Shear
wave
Flexural
wave

11. Slow Formation— Dipole Compressional: 157 sec/ft Shear: 300 sec/ft
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Slow Formation—
Dipole
Compressional
body wave
Shear body wave
Flexural mode
Compressional: 157 sec/ft
Shear: 300 sec/ft
Fluid: 200 sec/ft
Borehole diameter: 12 in.
Time: 2 msec
Source: 12-kHz monopole
0.0
0.5
1.0

12. Slow Formation— Monopole Fast Formation —Monopole
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Compressional
body wave
Compressional
body wave
Compressional
body wave
Compressional
head wave
Compressional
head waves
Fluid modes
Compressional
head wave
Shear head wave
Shear body wave
Fluid head wave
Shear body wave
Shear head wave absent
Slow Formation— Monopole
Fast Formation —Monopole
Flexural mode
Slow Formation—
Dipole
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.5
1.0

13. Dipole Waveforms—Fast Formation
Shear
Flexural Mode

14. Principal tool combinations
AIT* Array Induction Imager Tool
ARI* Azimuthal Resistivity Imager tool
Auxiliary Measurements Sonde
Compensated Neutron Log
FMI* Fullbore Formation MicroImager tool
Gamma Ray
General Purpose Inclinometry Tool (GPIT)
IPL* Integrated Porosity Lithology tool
Phasor* Induction tool
UBI* Ultrasonic Borehole Imager tool
USI* UltraSonic Imager tool
DSI Tool
13 ft
Cartridge
18 ft
Receiver section
42 in.
6 in.
11 ft to
upper dipole
transmitter
Isolation
joint
9 ft to
monopole
transmitter
3.5 ft
11.5 ft to
lower dipole
transmitter
16.5 ft
Transmitter section

15. Tool Combinations AIT* Array Induction Imager Tool
ARI Azimuthal Resistivity Imager tool
Auxiliary Measurements Sonde
FMI Fullbore Formation MicroImager tool
Gamma ray
General Purpose Inclinometry Tool (GPIT)
IPL Integrated Porosity Lithology tool
Phasor Induction tool
UBI UltraSonic Borehole Imager tool
USI UltraSonic Imager tool

16. Tool Specifications Temperature rating 350°F [175°C]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Tool diameter 35/8 in. [9.2 cm]
Minimum hole size 51/2 in. [13.9 cm]
Maximum hole size 21 in. [53.3 cm]
Tool length 51 ft [15.5 m]
Maximum logging speed
One eight-waveform set 3600 ft/hr (single mode)
All six modes simultaneously, 900 ft/hr without 6-in. Dt
Digitizer precision 12 bits
Digitizer sampling interval limits Variable from 10 to 32,700 µsec per sample
Digitized waveform duration limits Up to 15,000 samples/ all waveforms
Acoustic bandwidth
Dipole and Stonely 80 Hz to 5 kHz
High-frequency monopole 8 to 30 kHz
Combinability All MAXIS tools, any resistivity tool

17. Tool Operating Modes Upper and lower dipole modes
Crossed dipole mode (BCR)
Stoneley mode
P and S mode
First motion mode

18. STC Computation
Varying moveout
Varying time

19. (Semblance Contour Plot)
STC Contour Plot
STC Dot Log
Comp Shear
ST Plane
(Semblance Contour Plot)
Depth Z
Depth
Slowness Z
Arrival time
Slowness

20. STC Planes 0.5 to 1.5 kHz 1 to 2 kHz Slowness (sec/ft) Time (sec)
800
Slowness
(sec/ft)
100
14,000
14,000
Time (sec)
Time (sec)

21. Slowness Time Plane Projection
Poisson's Ratio
Delta-T Comp.
Gamma Ray
Delta-T Shear
0 100
Caliper
Dtc Coherence Dts
Slowness Time Plane Projection
Log Quality Indicators
6 16
10200
10250
10300
10350

22. Slowness Bias Bias Before Filtering 320 Bias After Filtering
300
Bias After
Filtering
Flexural Mode Slowness
Formation Shear Slowness
Slowness Bias
Frequency (kHz)
STC
Filter
Response
Unfiltered
Amplitude
Spectrum
Filtered
Amplitude
Spectrum 1
0.5
Noise
Amplitude
Spectrum
Frequency (kHz)

23. Borehole Compensation
Formation
Interval
Measured
Receiver
Array
Pseudo
Transmitter
Array

24. DFMD First arrival Rc 8 Rc 7 Threshold crossing Rc 6 Rc 5 Rc 4 Rc 3

25. Applications Mechanical property analysis — Wellbore stability
— fracture height
— Sanding Analysis
— Azimuthal Anisotropy
Formation evaluation
— gas detection
— fractures Evaluation
— permeability
Geophysical interpretation
— synthetic seismograms
— VSP
— AVO

26. Dynamic Elastic Properties
Lateral strain 1/2 (DTS / DTC) 2 – 1 Longitudinal strain (DTS / DTC) 2 – 1
v Poisson’s Ratio
G Shear Modulus
E Young’s Modulus
Kb Bulk Modulus
Cb Bulk Compressibility (with porosity)
Applied stress a b Shear strain DTS 2
Applied uniaxial stress Normal strain
2G (1 + v) [ ]
Hydrostatic pressure Volumetric strain
1 4 DTC2 3DTS2 b
x a
Volumetric deformation Hydrostatic pressure
1 Kb
Note: coefficient a = 1.34 x 1010 if pb in g/cm3 and DT in µs/ft.

27. [ ]   1 4 DTC2 3DTS2  K = b x a a b DTS2 G =  s E = 2G (1 + v)
1/2 (DTS / DTC) 2 – 1 (DTS / DTC) 2 – 1
v =

28. Combined Model
Min. Safe Mud Weight/Shear
0 p.u. 100
IMPACT Log (Integrated Mechanical Properties Analysis Computation Technique)
Max. Safe Mud Weight/Shear
Poisson's Ratio
Hole Profile
0 5
Young's Modulus
Max. Safe Mud Weight/Tensile
Depth
0 106 psi 10
Shear Modulus
Mud Weight
–25 in. 25
psi 5
1000 ft

29. Anisotropy

30. Cross Dipole Acquisition (BCR)

31. Anisotropy Processing Result

32. Gas
Detection

33. 3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
vp/vs versus Dtc
Anthydrite
²tc

34. vp/vs versus Dtc 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 50 100 150 Shales
Unconsolidated sediments 40 35
vp/vs 30 90 ø
Wet
Wet sandstones 80
Dry gas
Sxo
Limestone
Anhydrite
Dolomite
Salt
Quartz 70 20
Gas 60 50 10 40
Dry (or gas sandstones
²tc

35. Fracture Evaluation Hole Diameter 2 (IN) 7 Gamma Ray
Stoneley Ref. Coef.
STONELEY WF1
0 (GAPI) 150
0 (US) 20000
Fracture Evaluation
600
700
800

36. Fracture Evaluation

37. Fracture Evaluation

38. Fracture Evaluation
(SonFrac)

39. Stoneley Permeability (StPerm)

40. Stoneley
Permeability

41. Stoneley Energy Gamma Ray Resistivity 6300 6400 7100 Stoneley
Density-Neutron
Stoneley
Energy
Differential
Energy

42. AVO Response OFFSET ANGLE (DEG) 2400 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.0
1 1 2
2400
4.8
4.5
4.3
4.0
3.8
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.8
2,5
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.0
0.8
0.5
0.3
2500
2600
2700
GRADIENT INTERCEPT PRODUCT
NOR POLARITY
OFFSET ANGLE (DEG)
HYDROCARBONS
POROSITY
MATRIX
SHALE
SPECIAL MINERAL

43. Synthetic Seismograms
Compressional
Shear
1.600
1.700
1.800
1.900
2.000
2.100
2.200
2.300
2.400
2.500
2.600
2.700
2.800
2.900
3.000
3.100
Synthetic Seismograms
8000
9000
10000
11000

44. DSI Dipole Shear Sonic Imager
Monopole compressional and dipole shear measurements provide sonic data in hard and soft formations
Applications
— Mechanical property analysis
— Formation evaluation
— Geophysical applications