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The Periodic Table of Elements
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What is the Periodic Table of Elements? The periodic table organizes elements in a particular way. A great deal of information can be obtained about an element due to its location on the table. By looking at the location of an element on the table you can predict its physical and chemical properties. The periodic table organizes elements in a particular way. A great deal of information can be obtained about an element due to its location on the table. By looking at the location of an element on the table you can predict its physical and chemical properties.
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Dimitri Mendeleev He created the periodic table of elements. He ordered the elements according to their atomic mass. He created the periodic table of elements. He ordered the elements according to their atomic mass.
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Mendeleev’s Prediction The periodic table of elements had missing elements or “gaps”. Mendeleev was able to predict the characteristics of these missing elements. The periodic table of elements had missing elements or “gaps”. Mendeleev was able to predict the characteristics of these missing elements. Date Predicted1871Date Discovered1886 Atomic Mass72Atomic Mass72.6 Density5.5 g/cm 3 Density5.47 g/cm 3 Bonding Power4 4 ColorDark GrayColorGrayish White “Elkasilicon”Germanium
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Henry Moseley He revised the periodic table and arranged the elements according to their atomic number.
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What is an element? Elements alone or combined make up our bodies, our world, the sun, and even the entire universe. Elements are natural or synthetic material that cannot be broken down into simpler materials by ordinary means. An element has unique properties and is generally classified as a metal, metalloid, or non-metal. Elements alone or combined make up our bodies, our world, the sun, and even the entire universe. Elements are natural or synthetic material that cannot be broken down into simpler materials by ordinary means. An element has unique properties and is generally classified as a metal, metalloid, or non-metal.
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What’s in a square? Each square on most periodic tables include the following: Atomic number Symbol Atomic mass Element name State of matter at room temperature Each square on most periodic tables include the following: Atomic number Symbol Atomic mass Element name State of matter at room temperature
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What’s in a square? Atomic Number This refers to how many protons there are Atomic Mass This refers to the weight of an element ( protons + neutrons) It is measured in AMU. This stands for atomic mass unit. 1 AMU= the mass of 1 proton Symbol Each element has its own unique symbol. It typically is represented by a capital letter or a capital letter and a lower case letter. Atomic Number This refers to how many protons there are Atomic Mass This refers to the weight of an element ( protons + neutrons) It is measured in AMU. This stands for atomic mass unit. 1 AMU= the mass of 1 proton Symbol Each element has its own unique symbol. It typically is represented by a capital letter or a capital letter and a lower case letter.
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Common Elements and their Symbols SymbolElement OOxygen HHydrogen AgSilver NaSodium KPotassium
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Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids
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Properties of Metals Metals are: Good conductors of heat and electricity Shiny Malleable Ductile A known chemical property of metal is its reaction with water which results in corrosion. Metals are: Good conductors of heat and electricity Shiny Malleable Ductile A known chemical property of metal is its reaction with water which results in corrosion.
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Properties of Non-Metals Non-Metals are: Poor conductors of heat and electricity They are NOT ductile or malleable Solid non-metals are brittle and break off easily They are dull Most are gases Non-Metals are: Poor conductors of heat and electricity They are NOT ductile or malleable Solid non-metals are brittle and break off easily They are dull Most are gases Carbon
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Properties of Metalloids Metalloids: Have properties of BOTH metals and non-metals Are solids that can be shiny or dull Can conduct heat better that non- metals, but not as well as metals Are ductile and malleable Metalloids: Have properties of BOTH metals and non-metals Are solids that can be shiny or dull Can conduct heat better that non- metals, but not as well as metals Are ductile and malleable
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Families Elements are grouped into families. Families are vertical columns on the periodic table. Each family has similar properties. Elements are grouped into families. Families are vertical columns on the periodic table. Each family has similar properties.
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Periods Periods are horizontal rows on the periodic table. Periods DO NOT share similar properties. Periods are horizontal rows on the periodic table. Periods DO NOT share similar properties.
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Families & Periods Families Columns in the periodic table. Families share similar chemical properties, but are not identical. For example, Li (Lithium), Na (Sodium), and K (Potassium) are all soft, shiny white metals. All elements in a family have the same number of valence electrons. Periods Horizontal rows in the periodic table. They DO NOT have similar properties. The first element in a period is an active solid and the last period is usually an inactive gas.
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Why are elements important? Almost everything in the universe is made of elements. Hydrogen is an element. Oxygen is an element. Elements can combine to make compounds or mixtures. H 2 o is 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen. H 2 o is water! Almost everything in the universe is made of elements. Hydrogen is an element. Oxygen is an element. Elements can combine to make compounds or mixtures. H 2 o is 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen. H 2 o is water!
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